Potentiale zur energetischen Nutzung von Biomasse in der ... - EPFL

GIS model 185
Bundesamt für Energie BFE
subject to the marginal cost (maximum unit price) of the specified amount of delivered biomass. Details
of this methodology are given below.
First, the type and quantity of available energy biomass resources and its respective farm-gate prices are
defined for each pixel. Then each pixel is assigned to its nearest node (n) on the road network through
the use of “nearing” algorithm within GIS software (Figure 48). Assuming that the centre point of each
pixel (i) represents the whole pixel, one can obtain a straight-line distance from any pixel to its nearest
road node. The distance between two nodes on the road network can be computed using the “shortest
path” method. The total distance between supply point i and demand point j can be calculated as the
sum of three components: (1) the straight-line distance from biomass supply point i to its nearest road
network node n1, (2) the shortest path distance across the network from the node nearest to the supply
pixel n1 to the node nearest to the destination pixel n2, and the straight-line distance from the
destination point j to its nearest node n2.
Figure 48 Assessment of biomass supply cost; Source: Noon et al., 2002
The next step is to calculate the total transportation cost per unit of biomass. It is assumed that the local
road segments from supply point to node and from node to the final destination point would be
travelled with lower speed than the distance from node to node. Hence, the total transportation cost
will also depend on the travelling time parameter in addition to the overall distance between supply and
demand points. The distance dependent cost parameter is derived from empirical data on track costs
such as fuel, lubrication, maintenance, repairs and tires. The time dependent cost parameter is derived
from empirical data related to driver labour costs, vehicle depreciation, insurance and fees. The travelling
time is estimated by summing fast and slow segments’ distances divided by respective segments’ travel
speed.
The delivered cost of a unit of biomass from supply point i to demand point j can be calculated by
summing the farm-gate price at point i, the total transportation cost per unit of biomass and specific
loading/securing/unloading costs according to the following equation: