Potentiale zur energetischen Nutzung von Biomasse in der ... - EPFL

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Reference vehicle characteristics 2010 2025 2040
Vehicle price (incl. VAT) [CHF] 32’340 32’340 32’340
Annual investment costs [CHF/yr] 04’250 04’250 04’250
Maintenance costs [CHF/yr] 00’650 00’650 00’650
Other costs (insurance, driving tax, etc.) [CHF/yr] 01’500 01’500 01’500
Fuel specific consumption [l/100 km] 8.0 6.9 5.9
Table 8 Main characteristics of the reference vehicle for 2010, 2025 and 2040.
The price of the vehicle was considered to remain constant over the whole study period. Given a
lifetime of 15 years (ARE, OFS, 2001) and an interest rate of 10%, annual investment costs for the
vehicle were calculated to be 4'250 CHF/yr. Annual maintenance costs were taken as 2% of the initial
cost of the vehicle, resulting in 650 CHF/yr. Other costs (including insurance, driving tax, etc.) were
taken as 1'500 CHF/yr. The fuel specific consumption was considered to be reduced from 8.0 l/100
km in 2010 to 5.9 l/100 km in 2040. It was also assumed that the fuel consumption would be the
same with gasoline or E10.
The annual distance travelled per vehicle was taken as 12'850 km/yr (ARE, OFS, 2001). In order to
take into account distribution and retailers margins, an additional 0.05 CHF/l was applied to the
production cost of bioethanol. It was assumed also that bioethanol used as a vehicle fuel would be
free of tax. The price of E10 was taken as 0.1 times the price of bioethanol plus 0.9 times the price of
gasoline, as mixing does not involve any specific costs. Finally, the price of gasoline after 2040 was
considered to remain constant. The overall results are given in CHF/100 km and presented in Table 9,
with a distinction between vehicle, maintenance and fuel costs.
Reference vehicle characteristics 2010 2025 2040
- Vehicle costs [CHF/100 km] 33.1 33.1 33.1
- Maintenance costs [CHF/100 km] 5.0 5.0 5.0
- Fuel costs [CHF/100 km] 12.8 12.3 10.3
- Other costs [CHF/100 km] 11.7 11.7 11.7
Total [CHF/100 km] 62.6 62.1 60.1
Gasoline
- Vehicle costs [CHF/100 km] 33.1 33.1 33.1
- Maintenance costs [CHF/100 km] 5.0 5.0 5.0
- Fuel costs [CHF/100 km] 12.9 12.7 10.8
- Other costs [CHF/100 km] 11.7 11.7 11.7
Total [CHF/100 km] 62.7 62.5 60.6
- Vehicle costs [CHF/100 km] 33.1 33.1 33.1
Table 9 Comparison of the economics of E10 and conventional gasoline in 2010, 2025 and 2040.
It is important to bear in mind that the results presented for 2010 and 2025 are dependent on the
evolution of gasoline prices over the lifetime of the vehicle (i.e. 15 years). It comes out from the results
presented in Table 9, that E10 appears a little more advantageous than gasoline, given the hypotheses
on the evolution of oil price (INFRAS) and the projection of bioethanol production cost given in Table
5. The difference, however, is almost negligible as the incorporation rate of bioethanol is only 10%,
and fuel costs do not exceed 20–25% of total costs.