Potentiale zur energetischen Nutzung von Biomasse in der ... - EPFL

Anhang 63
Bundesamt für Energie BFE
Anhang 12: Economical analysis of biogas end-use as motor fuel
In order to analyse economical aspects of biogas end-use as a motor fuel an example of bi-fuel vehicle
equipped with an engine running on both gasoline and compressed natural gas was considered. The
reference vehicle chosen for this analysis is a VW Golf Variant Bifuel. Prices and technical
performances of this particular model were obtained from Volkswagen Switzerland
(www.volkswagen.ch). The hypotheses concerning the price and fuel economy of the vehicle for the
2010, 2025 and 2040 scenarios are given in Table 1.
Reference vehicle characteristics 2010 2025 2040
Vehicle price (incl. VAT) [CHF] 39’360 39’360 39’360
Annual investment costs [CHF/yr] 05’175 05’175 05’175
Maintenance costs [CHF/yr] 787 00’787 00’787
Other costs (insurance, driving tax, etc.) [CHF/yr] 01’500 01’500 01’500
Fuel specific consumption, gasoline cycle [l/100 km] 7.90 6.79 5.84
Fuel specific consumption, gas cycle [m 3 /100 km] 6.30 5.42 4.66
Table 1 Main characteristics of the reference vehicle for 2010, 2025 and 2040.
Source: www.volkswagen.ch; authors’ estimation.
The price of the vehicle was considered to remain constant over the whole study period. Given a
lifetime of 15 years (ARE, OFS, 2001) and an interest rate of 10%, annual investment costs for the
vehicle were calculated to be 5'175 CHF/yr. Annual maintenance costs were taken as 2% of the initial
cost of the vehicle, resulting in 787 CHF/yr. Other costs (including insurance, driving tax, etc.) were
taken as 1'500 CHF/yr. The fuel specific consumption is projected to be reduced by 14% in 2025 and
by 26% in 2040 compared to 2010, while other parameters are assumed to remain at the same level
as in 2010.
The annual distance travelled per vehicle was taken as 12'850 km/yr (ARE, OFS, 2001). In order to
take into account distribution and retailers margins, an additional 0.05 CHF/m 3 was applied to the
production cost of biogas. It was assumed also that biogas used as vehicle fuel would be exempt from
tax. The projections of sales price of gasoline and the production cost of biogas in 2010, 2025 and
2040 are given in Table 2.
2010 2025 2040
Sales price of conv. gasoline (incl. VAT) [CHF/l] 1.38 1.87 1.82
[cts/kWh ] th 15.7 21.4 20.8
Production cost of biogas [CHF/m 3 ] 1.04 1.18 1.12
[cts/kWh th ] 9.6 10.9 10.4
Table 2 Projected future prices of conventional gasoline and biogas in 2010, 2025 and 2040.
Source: authors’ estimation based on INFRAS data.
The price of gasoline is assumed to vary gradually over time from 2010 to 2040. Two scenarios of
biogas fuel cost, varying over time and constant during the periods 2010–2025 and 2025–2040 were
considered. After 2040 both gasoline price and biogas cost are assumed to remain constant. The
overall results are given in CHF/100 km and presented in Table 3, with a distinction between vehicle,
maintenance and fuel costs.