Online proceedings - EDA Publishing Association

More documents

Recommendations

Info

11-13 May, Aix-en-Provence, France PANEL DISCUSSION TEXTILE MICROSYSTEMS INTRODUCTION: ELECTRONICS MEETS TEXTILES - CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES Erik JUNG, Fraunhofer IZM, Germany PASTA-BRIDGING THE GAP BETWEEN TEXTILE AND ELECTRONICS Dominique VICARD, CEA-LETI, France PIEZOELECTRIC CHARGING FOR SMART FABRIC APPLICATIONS Ross HACKWORTH, R. MAXWELL, R. KOTHA, A.Arturo AYON, U. of Texas at San Antonio, USA, J. R. MORIERA, U. of California, Santa Barbara, USA HIGH VOLUME, LOW COST: TEXTILE INTEGRATION FOR RFID Christine KALLMAYER, Fraunhofer IZM, Germany METER-SCALE SURFACE CAPACITIVE TYPE OF TOUCH SENSORS FABRICATED BY WEAVING CONDUCTIVE- POLYMER-COATED FIBERS Seiichi TAKAMATSU1, Takeshi KOBAYASHI1,2, Nobuhisa SHIBAYAMA1, Koji MIYAKE1,2 and Toshihiro ITOH1,2 1. Macro BEANS Center, BEANS Laboratory, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan 2. UMEMSME, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan SMALL VOLUME, HIGH TECH: INTELLIGENT TEXTILES FOR HEALTH AND WELLNES Guofu ZHOU, Philips 137
11-13 May 2011, Aix-en-Provence, France Piezoelectric Charging for Smart Fabric Applications 1 R. Hackworth , J. R. Moriera, R. Maxwell, R. Kotha, and A.A. Ayon, Member, IEEE Abstract— Our current research includes an innovative design and fabrication method for a wearable piezoelectric power generating fabric. Rather than building a flexible piezoelectric device and then applying it onto clothing as reported by other groups, our approach is to integrate the devices directly with the fabric while requiring no processing temperatures over 150 ˚C. The device discussed here simply consists of a piezoelectric layer encapsulated between a bottom electrode/wearable fabric and a top layer electrode/conductive film layer. Index Terms—Charge generation and storage, polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), piezoelectric materials, smart fabrics. I. INTRODUCTION e report on the feasibility of employing flexible PVDF Wpiezoelectric membranes to be used to generate electrical charge for powering portable electronics. By converting some of a person’s naturally expended mechanical energy into useful electrical energy, the batteries currently in use in portable electronic devices may be minimized, as well as made efficiently green. Ideally, these devices will be wearable and light-weight. The energy generation will originate from the exploitation of the piezoelectric effect of certain materials such as PVDF due to their naturally occurring deformation as shown on Fig. 1. a commercially available fabric enable greater comfort for the end-user in a wearable energy harvester. Research has largely focused on PVDF in cyclopentanone as a solvent due to its natural flexibility compared with that of any other piezoelectric materials we tested so far (which include zinc oxide, barium titanate, et al..). For optimal piezoelectric effects the PVDF film needs to be in the β-crystalline phase [1]. PVDF is usually observed in one of the four main phases, but only the β-phase is expected to possess strong d 31 , properties which are critical requirements in building a practical prototype. The beta phase is generally formed by poling the polymer at a high voltage while stretching it. When the alpha phase is poled the dipoles align and for the delta phase. Upon stretching the bonds in the chains will reorient themselves into an all trans configuration. To convert the largely α-phase PVDF into β-phase requires aligning the polymer chains into the all trans phase structure as in Fig. 2. To achieve this, the cured PVDF can be simultaneously stretched and poled [2, 3] while at elevated temperature to induce more of the bulk membrane into the stronger piezolelectric β- phase [4]. Fig. 2. β-phase PVDF. Fig. 1. The piezoelectric effect. Multiple options for fabric substrates, bottom and top electrodes, piezoelectric materials, as well as with the methods by which they were fabricated were investigated. Our observations indicate that the most successful bottom electrode and fabric combination found so far consists of a commercial polyester fabric coated through an electroless deposition of nickel followed by copper. The characteristics of Manuscript received April 8, 2011. Thanks go to: Army Research Office UTSA MEMs lab II. MATERIALS We start with the discussion of multiple options for fabric substrates, bottom and top electrodes, and piezoelectric materials, along with the methods [5] in which they are fabricated. Many commonly available fabrics and their melting points, flash points, and decomposition temperatures were evaluated. These fabrics were initially studied due to their ability to withstand temperatures in excess of 150˚C, which is close to the upper temperature range that any PVDF processing should require. The curie temperature and melting point of PVDF are close to each other. The currently accepted answer is a curie temperature of about 150˚C and a melt temperature of 175˚C. According to the manufacturer (Solef), devices made from PVDF typically have a maximum usage temperature of about 138
Page 2 and 3:
COLLECTION OF PAPERS PRESENTED AT T
Page 4 and 5:
III
Page 6 and 7:
V
Page 8 and 9:
Table of Contents Wednesday 11 May
Page 10 and 11:
PANEL DISCUSSION TEXTILE MICROSYSTE
Page 12 and 13:
Friday 13 May SESSION C4: APPLICATI
Page 14 and 15:
SPECIAL SESSION OF BIO-MEMS/NEMS a
Page 16 and 17:
11-13 May 2011, Aix-en-Provence, Fr
Page 18 and 19:
11-13 May 2011, Aix-en-Provence, F
Page 20 and 21:
Page 22 and 23:
Page 24 and 25:
suspended membrane can be pulled to
Page 26 and 27:
most likely due to not yet consider
Page 28 and 29:
Page 30 and 31:
that detectors may measure the diff
Page 32 and 33:
2) Cavity width effect To verify th
Page 34 and 35:
Page 36 and 37:
Fig.9. Capacitive sensor output, Va
Page 38 and 39:
11-13 May, 2011, Aix-en-Provence,
Page 40 and 41:
The anode and cathode are connected
Page 42 and 43:
11-13 May , 2011 , Aix-en-Provence,
Page 44 and 45:
Page 46 and 47:
Page 48 and 49:
Page 50 and 51:
! 11-13 May 2011, Aix-en-Provence,
Page 52 and 53:
! 11-13 May 2011, Aix-en-Provence,
Page 54 and 55:
! TABLE 3 SUMMARY OF SELECTIVITIES
Page 56 and 57:
Page 58 and 59:
Page 60 and 61:
Page 62 and 63:
The fabrication of optical Cap-Wafe
Page 64 and 65:
the glass is polished down in a cos
Page 66 and 67:
Page 68 and 69:
Page 70 and 71:
Page 72 and 73:
Fig. 14. Time history of the envelo
Page 74 and 75:
Page 76 and 77:
Page 78 and 79:
We have reported that how base mode
Page 80 and 81:
We assume that 11-13 May 2011, Aix
Page 82 and 83:
Page 84 and 85:
Y X Fig. 1. Scanning electron mic
Page 86 and 87:
10 3 11-13 May 2011, Aix-en-Proven
Page 88 and 89:
Intenstiy (counts/second) Fig. 1. X
Page 90 and 91:
Page 92 and 93:
Page 94 and 95:
etween x 2 to L (remember that x 2
Page 96 and 97:
Page 98 and 99:
Page 100 and 101:
Page 102 and 103: 11-13 May 2011, Aix-en-Provence, Fr
Page 104 and 105: 11-13 May 2011, Aix-en-Provence, F
Page 106 and 107: piezoelectric displacement transduc
Page 108 and 109: Figure 7 Displacement conditions of
Page 110 and 111: protect the corners from undercut.
Page 114 and 115: A. Continuous domain Starting from
Page 116 and 117: Fig. 8. Central finite difference m
Page 120 and 121: 700 11-13 May 2011, Aix-en-Provenc
Page 122 and 123: o o o o o o o o Check applicability
Page 124 and 125: C. Identification Results The ident
Page 126 and 127: The proposed solution for this prob
Page 128 and 129: teen wire segments of a coil, as in
Page 130 and 131: As the metallization is too reflect
Page 132 and 133: B. Implemented die overview A die c
Page 136 and 137: IN CLK OUT Fig. 16. Probe setup for
Page 140 and 141: adhesive material with 30μm thickn
Page 146 and 147: B. Dynamics of Energy Flows For a l
Page 154 and 155: 80˚C. Additionally, we looked into
Page 156 and 157: The XRD shows a peak above the 2θ
Page 158 and 159: fibers which define the electric co
Page 162 and 163: Figure 15. Key board input system.
Page 164 and 165: ρ = h 2∆α∆T + + E 1h 3 1 +E 2
Page 168 and 169: In recent years, the pipe flow moni
Page 170 and 171: As the speed of the rotor increases
Page 176 and 177: inches silicon wafers which have th
Page 178 and 179: samples tested in different vacuum
Page 180 and 181: l c 11-13 May 2011, Aix-en-Provence
Page 182 and 183: Vp (V) 3,5 3,0 2,5 2,0 1,5 1,0 0,5
Page 186 and 187: II. MATHEMATICAL MODEL AND NUMERICA
Page 188 and 189: fluids travel along a curved channe
Page 190 and 191: measured mixing indices are depicte
Page 192 and 193: length, which enables them to focus
Page 196 and 197: however, a rotation for coincidence
Page 202 and 203:
Page 204 and 205:
excludes the nature of the fixed bo
Page 206 and 207:
Using the radial and tangential mid
Page 208 and 209:
Page 210 and 211:
Page 212 and 213:
Page 214 and 215:
Page 216 and 217:
Now the challenge in data handling
Page 218 and 219:
value of every active channel. Ther
Page 220 and 221:
Page 222 and 223:
11-13 May, Aix-en-Provence, France
Page 224 and 225:
11-13 May, Aix-en-Provence, France
Page 226 and 227:
Page 228 and 229:
Page 230 and 231:
electrocardiogram. • The heart be
Page 232 and 233:
Page 234 and 235:
In our work, we proposed an innovat
Page 236 and 237:
Fig. 8 Concept of the in-home perso
Page 238 and 239:
found that the early-stage diagnosi
Page 240 and 241:
Page 242 and 243:
Page 244 and 245:
Power monitoring data detected by w
Page 246 and 247:
Page 248 and 249:
device consisted of a bimorph canti
Page 250 and 251:
where C others is the capacitance o
Page 252 and 253:
Page 254 and 255:
Page 256 and 257:
Page 258 and 259:
operation, the pressure inside the
Page 260 and 261:
Page 262 and 263:
increased. 11-13 May 2011, Aix-en-
Page 264 and 265:
Page 266 and 267:
coefficient compatible with the mic
Page 268 and 269:
Page 270 and 271:
Variable Description Value Crab-leg
Page 272 and 273:
Page 274 and 275:
Page 276 and 277:
Membrane weight (mg) Fig. 4. Struct
Page 278 and 279:
Page 280 and 281:
Page 282 and 283:
So far, the expected major contribu
Page 284 and 285:
al. used a modified LIGA (German ac
Page 286 and 287:
Page 288 and 289:
Page 290 and 291:
Page 292 and 293:
REFERENCES [1] G. Mehta, J. Lee, W.
Page 294 and 295:
Page 296 and 297:
followed by titanium (Ti) which sho
Page 298 and 299:
exposure dose, post exposure bake t
Page 300 and 301:
#### ##/&### 3 # #
Page 302 and 303:
*5%6,+/.,-,7-, ,+.,1/21* %
Page 304 and 305:
B. Energy Applications Society is f
Page 306 and 307:
Page 308 and 309:
Page 310 and 311:
Page 312 and 313:
Page 314 and 315:
Presently, the microfabrication pro
Page 316 and 317:
[6] C. Richard, A. Renaudin, V. Aim
Page 318 and 319:
NA sinθ c 11-13 May 2011, Aix-en-
Page 320 and 321:
the waveguide on the fused silica,
Page 322 and 323:
microphone diaphragm. The chosen CM
Page 324 and 325:
Page 326 and 327:
TABLE V MICROPHONE CHARACTERISTICS
Page 328 and 329:
Page 330 and 331:
Figure 7b shows the effect of a par
Page 332 and 333:
Page 334 and 335:
over the temperature range (i.e. th
Page 336 and 337:
Page 338 and 339:
Page 340 and 341:
given. This allows a CTM model to b
Page 342 and 343:
Page 344 and 345:
Page 346 and 347:
Page 348 and 349:
the magic-Tee, and the coherent sig
Page 350 and 351:
Page 352 and 353:
After analyzing the two conditions
Page 354 and 355:
IV. MICRO FABRICATION For fabricati
Page 356 and 357:
Page 358 and 359:
IV. A. Simulation and Sensitivity A
Page 360 and 361:
Page 362 and 363:
Page 364 and 365:
Page 366 and 367:
grown to sub-confluence were washed
Page 368 and 369:
Page 370 and 371:
Clamps rotation [21] Clamps transla
Page 372 and 373:
Layout Total dimensions of the grip
Page 374 and 375:
Page 376 and 377:
focusing increased both as the stre
Page 378 and 379:
Page 380 and 381:
Time of diffusion (hr) 1200 1000 80
Page 382 and 383:
Page 384 and 385:
Page 386 and 387:
Chip Magnet Light source Hot plate
Page 388 and 389:
above, they would move to upward an
Page 390 and 391:
Page 392 and 393:
Page 394 and 395:
Page 396 and 397:
Page 398 and 399:
Page 400 and 401:
This phenomenon is now reaching the
Page 402 and 403:
C. Proof mass displacement Moreover
Page 404 and 405:
Page 406 and 407:
Page 408 and 409:
The VerilogA block code is : 11-13
Page 410 and 411:
Author Index Abi-Saab D. 81 Aimez V
Page 412:
Nussbaum Dominic 273 O’Hara T. 35
show all

Online proceedings - EDA Publishing Association

You also want an ePaper? Increase the reach of your titles

Delete template?

Save as template?