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[6] C. Richard, A. Renaudin, V. Aimez, and P. G. Charette, "An integrated hybrid interference and absorption filter for fluorescence detection in lab-on-a-chip devices," Lab on a Chip, vol. 9, pp. 1371-1376, 2009. [7] K. Wojtach, et al., "Characteristics of colored inorganic-organic hybrid materials," Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids, vol. 353, pp. 2099-2103, 2007. [8] M. Yamazaki, et al., "Non-emissive colour filters for fluorescence detection," Lab on a Chip, 2011. 11-13 May 2011, Aix-en-Provence, France [9] K. Liang, W. Li, H.R. Ren, X.L. Liu, W.J. Wang, R. Yang, D.J. Han“Color measurement for RGB white LEDs in solid-state lighting using a BDJ photodetector”, Displays, vol. 30 pp. 107– 113, 2009. [10] M. B. Chouikha, G. N. Lu, M. Sedjil, and G. Sou, "Colour detection using buried triple pn junction structure implemented in BiCMOS process," Electronics Letters, vol. 34, pp. 120-122, 1998. [11] G. N. Lu, "A dual-wavelength method using the BDJ detector and its application to iron concentration measurement," Measurement Science & Technology, vol. 10, pp. 312-315, 1999. [12] P. Pittet, et al., "Variable time synchronous detection method for sensitive optical detection," Electronics Letters, vol. 39, pp. 860- 862, 2003. 304
11-13 May 2011, Aix-en-Provence, France Fabrication and Characteristics of a Fused Silica-Based Optical Waveguide with Femtosecond Fiber Laser Pulses Ting-Chou Chang 1 , Chien-Hsing Chen 2 , Wei-Hung Shih 3 , Jian-Neng Wang 4 , Chai-Yu Lee 1 , Jaw-Luen Tang 2 , Shau-Chun Wang 1 , Lai-Kwan Chau 1 , Wei-Te Wu 5* 1 Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, National Chung Cheng University 168 University Road, Minhsiung, Chiayi 621, Taiwan 2 Department of Physics, National Chung Cheng University 168 University Road, Minhsiung, Chiayi 621, Taiwan 3 Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Chung Cheng University 168 University Road, Minhsiung, Chiayi 621, Taiwan 4 Department of Construction Engineering, National Yunlin University of Science and Technology, 123 University Road, Section 3, Douliou, Yunlin 640, Taiwan 5* Department of Biomechatronics Engineering, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology 1, Shuefu Road, Neipu, Pingtung 912, Taiwan Tel: +886-8-770-3202 Ext. 7599; Fax: + 886-8-774-0420; weite@mail.npust.edu.tw Abstract This study investigates the fabrication characteristics of a femtosecond fiber laser on a fused-silica-based optical waveguide. The wavelength and repetition rate of the femtosecond fiber laser are 532 nm and 1 MHz, respectively. We selected three main fabrication parameters for systematic adjustment: laser power (E), scanning speed ( v s ) and focus depth (d = 0 at the surface of substrate). We succeeded in fabricating a waveguide layer inside the silica subtracts. By analyzing the light translation path and the net fluence in the waveguide, the range of fabrication energy of the waveguide on the fused silica was kept within 0.973 - 1.438 KJ/cm 2 . I. Introduction Recently, developments in nanotechnology have led to a proliferation of electro-optic system applications. To minimize system size, industries including communications, construction and biomedical detection have widely applied optical waveguides such as photonic crystal fibers [1], fiber interferometers [2], surface plasma resonance (SPR) sensors [3], localized plasma resonance (LPR) sensors [4] and guided-mode resonance (GMR) sensors [5]. Waveguide device are fabricated through techniques including ion bombardment, laser machining, photolithography, and mechanical stamping [6], commonly using fused silica as a substrate. Laser machining is a low cost, high speed and high yield method for the localized heat treatment of fused silica. However the linear absorption of fused silica depends on the laser source. Using an ultraviolet laser requires a process to bind oxygen to the fused silica to increase light sensitivity [7]. Using CO 2 laser [8] results in a greatly increased linear absorption of the fused silica which makes precise machining more difficult and can cause damage around the machining area. High-power density femtosecond fiber lasers with a pulse of 10 -15 seconds are an appropriate tool for the fabrication of optical waveguides due to their independence in the linear absorbing effect of fused silica. This study investigates the fabrication characteristics of femtosecond fiber lasers on fused-silica-based optical waveguides. We selected three main fabrication parameters, laser power (E), scanning speed ( v s ) and focus depth (d = 0 at the surface of substrate) which are systematically adjusted to investigate the differences of post-machining light waveguide characteristics, transmission loss rate and the relation between the net influence and light waveguide. II. Experimental section 1. Waveguide principles As shown in Fig. 1, the light waveguide is composed of a layer of Media 1 (i.e. a media different from the substrate) sandwiched between two layers of Media 2 (i.e. the substrate). One of two application phenomena of light waveguides is the refraction within these media with different refraction indices. Based on the Snell’s law, the refraction angle, φ , is smaller than the incident angle, θ , as light is incident into Media 1. The other application phenomenon is total reflection for keeping and transmitting all laser energy within the Media 1 layer. This means that Snell’s law requires the refraction index of Media 1, n 1 , to be larger than that of Media 2. The numerical aperture (NA), (i.e., the maximum acceptable energy of light wave guide), is defined as. 305
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COLLECTION OF PAPERS PRESENTED AT T
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III
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V
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Table of Contents Wednesday 11 May
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PANEL DISCUSSION TEXTILE MICROSYSTE
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Friday 13 May SESSION C4: APPLICATI
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SPECIAL SESSION OF BIO-MEMS/NEMS a
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11-13 May 2011, Aix-en-Provence, Fr
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11-13 May 2011, Aix-en-Provence, F
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suspended membrane can be pulled to
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most likely due to not yet consider
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that detectors may measure the diff
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2) Cavity width effect To verify th
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Fig.9. Capacitive sensor output, Va
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11-13 May, 2011, Aix-en-Provence,
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The anode and cathode are connected
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! TABLE 3 SUMMARY OF SELECTIVITIES
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The fabrication of optical Cap-Wafe
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the glass is polished down in a cos
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Fig. 14. Time history of the envelo
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We have reported that how base mode
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We assume that 11-13 May 2011, Aix
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Y X Fig. 1. Scanning electron mic
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10 3 11-13 May 2011, Aix-en-Proven
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Intenstiy (counts/second) Fig. 1. X
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etween x 2 to L (remember that x 2
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piezoelectric displacement transduc
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Figure 7 Displacement conditions of
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protect the corners from undercut.
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A. Continuous domain Starting from
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Fig. 8. Central finite difference m
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700 11-13 May 2011, Aix-en-Provenc
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o o o o o o o o Check applicability
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C. Identification Results The ident
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The proposed solution for this prob
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teen wire segments of a coil, as in
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As the metallization is too reflect
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B. Implemented die overview A die c
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IN CLK OUT Fig. 16. Probe setup for
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adhesive material with 30μm thickn
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B. Dynamics of Energy Flows For a l
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11-13 May, Aix-en-Provence, France
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80˚C. Additionally, we looked into
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The XRD shows a peak above the 2θ
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fibers which define the electric co
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Figure 15. Key board input system.
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ρ = h 2∆α∆T + + E 1h 3 1 +E 2
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In recent years, the pipe flow moni
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As the speed of the rotor increases
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inches silicon wafers which have th
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samples tested in different vacuum
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l c 11-13 May 2011, Aix-en-Provence
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Vp (V) 3,5 3,0 2,5 2,0 1,5 1,0 0,5
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II. MATHEMATICAL MODEL AND NUMERICA
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fluids travel along a curved channe
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measured mixing indices are depicte
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length, which enables them to focus
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however, a rotation for coincidence
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excludes the nature of the fixed bo
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Using the radial and tangential mid
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Now the challenge in data handling
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value of every active channel. Ther
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electrocardiogram. • The heart be
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In our work, we proposed an innovat
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Fig. 8 Concept of the in-home perso
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found that the early-stage diagnosi
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Power monitoring data detected by w
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device consisted of a bimorph canti
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where C others is the capacitance o
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operation, the pressure inside the
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increased. 11-13 May 2011, Aix-en-
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grown to sub-confluence were washed
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Clamps rotation [21] Clamps transla
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Layout Total dimensions of the grip
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focusing increased both as the stre
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Time of diffusion (hr) 1200 1000 80
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Chip Magnet Light source Hot plate
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above, they would move to upward an
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This phenomenon is now reaching the
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C. Proof mass displacement Moreover
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The VerilogA block code is : 11-13
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Author Index Abi-Saab D. 81 Aimez V
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Nussbaum Dominic 273 O’Hara T. 35
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