Stars as Laboratories for Fundamental Physics - MPP Theory Group

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vi Table of Contents 2.4 Globular-Cluster Stars (60) 1. Observables in the Color-Magnitude Diagram (60) ⋄ 2. Theoretical Relations (65) ⋄ 3. Observational Results (70) ⋄ 4. Interpretation of the Observational Results (74) ⋄ 5. An Alternate Analysis (76) ⋄ 6. Systematic Uncertainties (78) 2.5 Particle Bounds from Globular-Cluster Stars (79) 1. Helium-Burning Lifetime (79) ⋄ 2. Helium Ignition (83) 2.6 Summary (87) 3. Particles Interacting with Electrons and Baryons 3.1 Introduction (89) 3.2 Compton Process (91) 1. Vector Bosons (91) ⋄ 2. Scalars (93) ⋄ 3. Pseudoscalars (94) ⋄ 4. Neutrino Pairs (95) ⋄ 5. Energy-Loss Rates (96) ⋄ 6. Applying the Energy-Loss Argument (98) 3.3 Pair Annihilation (99) 3.4 Free-Bound and Bound-Free Transitions (100) 3.5 Bremsstrahlung (101) 1. Nondegenerate, Nonrelativistic Medium (101) ⋄ 2. High Degeneracy: Pseudoscalars (103) ⋄ 3. High Degeneracy: Neutrino Pairs (105) ⋄ 4. Neutron- Star Crust (106) ⋄ 5. Applying the Energy-Loss Argument (107) 3.6 Astrophysical Bounds on Yukawa and Gauge Couplings (109) 1. Pseudoscalars (Axions) (109) ⋄ 2. Energy Loss by Scalar and Vector Bosons (110) ⋄ 3. Long-Range Forces (112) ⋄ 4. Leptonic and Baryonic Gauge Interactions (114) 3.7 Graviton Emission from Stars (116) 4. Processes in a Nuclear Medium 4.1 Introduction (117) 4.2 Axionic Bremsstrahlung Process (119) 1. Matrix Element for NN → NNa (119) ⋄ 2. Energy-Loss Rate (120) ⋄ 3. Nondegenerate Limit (121) ⋄ 4. Degenerate Limit (123) ⋄ 5. Bremsstrahlung Emission of Scalars (124) ⋄ 6. Mixture of Protons and Neutrons (125) 4.3 Neutrino Pair Emission (126) 1. Structure Function (126) ⋄ 2. Bremsstrahlung Emission of Neutrino Pairs (130) 4.4 Axion Opacity (131)
Table of Contents vii 4.5 Neutrino Opacity (132) 1. Elastic Scattering (132) ⋄ 2. Pair Absorption (132) ⋄ 3. Inelastic Scattering (133) 4.6 Structure Functions (136) 1. Formal Definition (136) ⋄ 2. Nonrelativistic Limit (138) ⋄ 3. The f-Sum Rule (139) ⋄ 4. Long-Wavelength Properties (141) ⋄ 5. Axion Emission in the Classical Limit (143) ⋄ 6. Classical vs. Quantum Result (146) ⋄ 7. High-Density Behavior (147) 4.7 Effective Nucleon Mass and Coupling (151) 4.8 The URCA Processes (152) 4.9 Novel Phases of Nuclear Matter (155) 1. Pion Condensate (155) ⋄ 2. Quark Matter (157) ⋄ 3. Bubble Phase (159) 4.10 Emission of Right-Handed Dirac Neutrinos (160). 5. Two-Photon Coupling of Low-Mass Bosons 5.1 Electromagnetic Coupling of Pseudoscalars (165) 5.2 Primakoff Process in Stars (168) 1. Screened Cross Section and Emission Rate (168) ⋄ 2. Plasmon Decay and Coalescence (170) ⋄ 3. Axion Emission from Electromagnetic Plasma Fluctuations (172) ⋄ 4. Solar Axion Spectrum (175) ⋄ 5. Globular-Cluster Bound on g aγ (176) 5.3 Search for Cosmic Axions (176) 5.4 Axion-Photon Oscillations (179) 1. Mixing Equations (179) ⋄ 2. Solar Axions (181) ⋄ 3. Shining Light through Walls (182) ⋄ 4. Vacuum Birefringence (183). 5.5 Astrophysical Magnetic Fields (185) 1. Transitions in Magnetic Fields of Stars (185) ⋄ 2. Birefringence in a Pulsar Magnetosphere (186) ⋄ 3. Conversion of Stellar Arions in the Galactic Field (188) ⋄ 4. Polarimetry of Distant Radio Sources (190) ⋄ 5. Temperature Fluctuations in the Cosmic Microwave Background (191). 5.6 Summary of Constraints on g aγ (191) 6. Particle Dispersion and Decays in Media 6.1 Introduction (193) 6.2 Particle Dispersion in Media (196) 1. Refractive Index and Forward Scattering (196) ⋄ 2. Particle Momentum and Velocity (198) ⋄ 3. Wave-Function Renormalization (200)
Page 1 and 2: Georg G. Raffelt Stars as Laborator
Page 3: Table of Contents Preface (xiv) Ack
Page 7 and 8: Table of Contents ix 8. Neutrino Os
Page 9 and 10: Table of Contents xi 12. Radiative
Page 11 and 12: Table of Contents xiii 16.3 New Int
Page 13 and 14: Preface xv Second, particles from d
Page 15 and 16: Preface xvii search for proton deca
Page 17 and 18: Preface xix cuts of higher-order gr
Page 19 and 20: Preface xxi quoted “astrophysical
Page 21 and 22: Chapter 1 The Energy-Loss Argument
Page 23 and 24: The Energy-Loss Argument 3 example
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Page 27 and 28: The Energy-Loss Argument 7 As a sim
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Page 35 and 36: The Energy-Loss Argument 15 M ′ (
Page 37 and 38: The Energy-Loss Argument 17 Table 1
Page 39 and 40: The Energy-Loss Argument 19 ing to
Page 41 and 42: The Energy-Loss Argument 21 scalars
Page 43 and 44: Chapter 2 Anomalous Stellar Energy
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Chapter 3 Particles Interacting wit
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Particles Interacting with Electron
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Chapter 4 Processes in a Nuclear Me
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Processes in a Nuclear Medium 119 t
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Processes in a Nuclear Medium 121 f
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Processes in a Nuclear Medium 123 F
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Processes in a Nuclear Medium 129 v
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Processes in a Nuclear Medium 131 4
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Processes in a Nuclear Medium 133 i
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Processes in a Nuclear Medium 135 H
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Processes in a Nuclear Medium 137 I
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Processes in a Nuclear Medium 143 i
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Processes in a Nuclear Medium 145 s
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Processes in a Nuclear Medium 147 E
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Processes in a Nuclear Medium 149 a
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Processes in a Nuclear Medium 151 T
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Processes in a Nuclear Medium 153 r
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Processes in a Nuclear Medium 155 4
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Processes in a Nuclear Medium 157 I
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Processes in a Nuclear Medium 159 t
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Processes in a Nuclear Medium 161 A
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Processes in a Nuclear Medium 163 R
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Chapter 5 Two-Photon Coupling of Lo
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Two-Photon Coupling of Low-Mass Bos
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Chapter 6 Particle Dispersion and D
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Particle Dispersion and Decays in M
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Chapter 7 Nonstandard Neutrinos The
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Nonstandard Neutrinos 253 (“spont
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Nonstandard Neutrinos 255 kinematic
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Nonstandard Neutrinos 257 95% CL ma
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Nonstandard Neutrinos 259 Fig. 7.2.
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Nonstandard Neutrinos 261 In three-
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Nonstandard Neutrinos 263 Flavor mi
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Nonstandard Neutrinos 267 The quant
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Nonstandard Neutrinos 269 dipole mo
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Nonstandard Neutrinos 271 component
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Nonstandard Neutrinos 275 moments.
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Nonstandard Neutrinos 277 7.5.2 Spi
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Nonstandard Neutrinos 279 where m
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Neutrino Oscillations 281 and hence
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Neutrino Oscillations 283 As usual
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Neutrino Oscillations 285 two-flavo
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Neutrino Oscillations 287 Fig. 8.2.
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Neutrino Oscillations 289 8.2.4 Exp
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Neutrino Oscillations 293 Apparentl
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Neutrino Oscillations 297 when the
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Neutrino Oscillations 299 If the ne
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Neutrino Oscillations 301 8.3.5 The
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Neutrino Oscillations 303 It is als
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Neutrino Oscillations 305 system, h
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Neutrino Oscillations 307 say, betw
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Neutrino Oscillations 309 1991). Th
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Oscillations of Trapped Neutrinos 3
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Chapter 10 Solar Neutrinos The curr
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Solar Neutrinos 343 Fig. 10.1. Sola
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Solar Neutrinos 345 There exist vas
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Solar Neutrinos 347 10.2 Calculated
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Solar Neutrinos 349 Fig. 10.3. Norm
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Solar Neutrinos 351 a certain range
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Solar Neutrinos 353 While helium an
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Solar Neutrinos 355 Bahcall and Pin
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Solar Neutrinos 357 Xu et al. (1994
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Solar Neutrinos 359 Table 10.4. Spe
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Solar Neutrinos 361 Table 10.5. Pre
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Solar Neutrinos 363 rates attribute
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Solar Neutrinos 365 10.3.4 Water Ch
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Solar Neutrinos 367 Fig. 10.10. Dif
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Solar Neutrinos 369 Fig. 10.13. Mea
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Solar Neutrinos 371 Table 10.9. Cur
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Solar Neutrinos 373 of order the an
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Solar Neutrinos 375 Fig. 10.16. 37
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Solar Neutrinos 377 GALLEX, or Home
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Solar Neutrinos 379 Table 10.10. Me
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Solar Neutrinos 381 deficits in all
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Solar Neutrinos 383 The ν e surviv
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Solar Neutrinos 385 The allowed ran
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Solar Neutrinos 387 10.7 Spin and S
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Solar Neutrinos 389 10.8 Neutrino D
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Solar Neutrinos 391 The small- and
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Solar Neutrinos 393 flux above its
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Chapter 11 Supernova Neutrinos The
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Supernova Neutrinos 397 Fig. 11.1.
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Supernova Neutrinos 399 beyond the
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Supernova Neutrinos 401 ate neutrin
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Supernova Neutrinos 403 Convection
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Supernova Neutrinos 405 Hayes, and
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Supernova Neutrinos 407 11.2 Predic
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Supernova Neutrinos 409 must then b
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Supernova Neutrinos 411 Figure 11.6
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Supernova Neutrinos 413 signal (Sec
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Supernova Neutrinos 415 time) on 23
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Supernova Neutrinos 417 All of the
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Supernova Neutrinos 419 to multiple
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Supernova Neutrinos 421 the final-s
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Supernova Neutrinos 423 ter of 53 e
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Supernova Neutrinos 425 Given these
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Supernova Neutrinos 427 thorough st
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Supernova Neutrinos 429 The forward
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Supernova Neutrinos 431 Another int
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Supernova Neutrinos 433 ber of ν e
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Supernova Neutrinos 435 A “normal
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Supernova Neutrinos 437 Fig. 11.19.
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Supernova Neutrinos 439 The approxi
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Supernova Neutrinos 441 be taken to
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Supernova Neutrinos 443 sense that
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Supernova Neutrinos 445 presence of
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Supernova Neutrinos 447 An even mor
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Chapter 12 Radiative Particle Decay
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Radiative Particle Decays 451 one c
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Radiative Particle Decays 453 corre
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Radiative Particle Decays 455 is no
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Radiative Particle Decays 457 Fig.
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Radiative Particle Decays 461 12.3.
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Radiative Particle Decays 463 emiss
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Radiative Particle Decays 465 range
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Radiative Particle Decays 469 weak
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Radiative Particle Decays 471 value
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Radiative Particle Decays 473 ignor
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Radiative Particle Decays 479 Table
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Radiative Particle Decays 481 In or
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Radiative Particle Decays 485 while
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Radiative Particle Decays 487 h 100
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Radiative Particle Decays 491 still
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Chapter 13 What Have We Learned fro
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What Have We Learned from SN 1987A
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Axions 525 Table 14.1. Particle mag
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Axions 527 or axion decay constant.
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Axions 529 The Yukawa coupling h is
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Axions 531 14.2.3 Pseudoscalar vs.
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Axions 533 Notably, the Higgs field
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Axions 535 otic heavy quarks: only
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Axions 537 Various axion models dif
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Axions 539 Bounds on the Yukawa cou
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Axions 541 Fig. 14.5. Astrophysical
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Axions 543 decay into axions. This
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Chapter 15 Miscellaneous Exotica St
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Miscellaneous Exotica 547 Table 15.
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Miscellaneous Exotica 549 15.2.3 Pr
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Miscellaneous Exotica 551 Most rece
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Miscellaneous Exotica 553 Fig. 15.1
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Miscellaneous Exotica 555 A violati
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Miscellaneous Exotica 557 nuclei it
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Miscellaneous Exotica 559 mass, and
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Miscellaneous Exotica 561 backgroun
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Miscellaneous Exotica 563 SN 1987A
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Miscellaneous Exotica 565 which led
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Miscellaneous Exotica 567 For a nar
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Neutrinos: The Bottom Line 569 the
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Neutrinos: The Bottom Line 571 Neut
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Neutrinos: The Bottom Line 573 Apar
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Neutrinos: The Bottom Line 575 is d
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Neutrinos: The Bottom Line 577 of t
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Neutrinos: The Bottom Line 579 siti
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Units and Dimensions 581 In the ast
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Appendix B Neutrino Coupling Consta
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Appendix C Numerical Neutrino Energ
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Numerical Neutrino Energy-Loss Rate
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Numerical Neutrino Energy-Loss Rate
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Appendix D Characteristics of Stell
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Characteristics of Stellar Plasmas
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References 607 Akhmedov, E. Kh., an
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References 609 Bahcall, J. N., Kras
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References 611 Bilenky, S. M., and
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References 613 Cannon, R. D. 1970,
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References 615 Cooper-Sarkar, A. M.
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References 617 Dodelson, S., Friema
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References 619 Fukuda, Y., et al. 1
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References 621 Goyal, A., Dutta, S.
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References 623 Hoogeveen, F., and S
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References 625 Kawakami, H., et al.
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References 627 Landau, L. D., and P
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References 629 Mayle, R. W., and Wi
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References 631 Nieves, J. F., and P
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References 633 Pochoda, P., and Sch
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References 635 Ross, J. E., and All
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References 637 Shlyakhter, A. I. 19
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References 639 Totsuka, Y. 1993, Ne
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References 641 Wiezorek, C., et al.
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Acronyms 643 L l.h. l.h.s. ly LMC L
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Symbols 645 dp differential in phas
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Symbols 647 X j Peccei-Quinn charge
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Subject Index A α-Ori 189 A665, A1
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Subject Index 651 Coulomb gauge 204
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Subject Index 653 H Hayashi line 32
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Subject Index 655 multiple scatteri
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Subject Index 657 neutrino radiativ
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Subject Index 659 Primakoff process
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Subject Index 661 SN 1987A bounds (
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Subject Index 663 supernova core bi
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