Stars as Laboratories for Fundamental Physics - MPP Theory Group

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658 Subject Index oscillations (particles) → neutrino oscillations axion-photon 179–82, 185f, 188–90 graviton-photon 191 inhomogeneous media 181, 442f pion-photon 183 oscillations (stars) → helioseismology, stars: variable P pair annihilation 99f paraphoton 82, 92f, 99 Pauli matrices 286 Peccei-Quinn mechanism 526–28, 532f scale 166, 526f, 529, 535 peculiar velocity (neutron stars) 443–45 permittivity → dielectric permittivity phase velocity 199, 244 photon baryonic 114 charge limits 555f decay → plasma process leptonic 114–16 mass → plasma frequency effective 208 vacuum 206, 555f transverse 209, 214 refraction → photon dispersion splitting 184 weakly interacting 18 photon dispersion approximate expressions 213f external fields (vacuum birefringence) 183–5, 187f, 190f, 554 general theory 203–19 mixing with axions 180f transverse mass 209, 214 photoproduction → Compton process X-particles in HB stars 82, 429 pinching of neutrino spectra 410f pion → one-pion exchange potential Compton scattering 157 condensate 59, 155–57, 243 coupling to nucleons 119, 151f, 531 pion (cont’d) decay 162, 167f, 256 decay constant 166f, 527 mass 119, 124f, 527 mixing with axion 527f, 534 Nambu-Goldstone boson 165f Planck mass: definition 6 Planck’s constant 580 planetary nebulae 36, 43, 51 plasma conditions in stars 591–99 coupling parameter Γ 224, 597–99 crystallization 46, 598 fluctuations 172–74 frequency 198, 211f, 596, 599 one-component 223–25 strongly coupled 223f two-component 223 plasma process → neutrino dipole moments astrophysical impact HB star lifetime 80–82 neutron-star crust 59f red-giant core mass 83–87 supernova core 523 general theory 227–36 gluonic 159 plasmino 195 plasmon coalescence 170–72 e + e − decay 195, 211 longitudinal 170–72, 195, 202f, 213 νν decay → plasma process p-mode → helioseismology Poincaré sphere representation 286 polarimetry of radio sources 190f polarization tensor 205–12, 230f, 238 polarization vector neutrino flavor definition 286f degree of coherence 313 individual modes 317 shrinking by collisions 314f transverse 314, 325 plasma excitations 206f positron flux: interplanetary 461, 487f pp-chain 15, 341, 346f pressure sources in stars 7–10
Subject Index 659 Primakoff process 116, 159, 168–75, 177, 357 prompt explosion mechanism 399, 401f neutrino burst 397, 399f, 432–34, 496f, 498 proton decay xvii fraction in nuclear matter 601f spin 537, 584 protoneutron star → supernova core pseudomomentum 200 pseudo Nambu-Goldstone bosons 166 pseudoscalar bosons → arions, axions, majorons astrophysical impact and bounds HB star lifetime 80–82, 98f, 176, 191f neutron-star cooling 59 red-giant core mass 85f, 107-9 SN 1987A 501–4, 508–12 Sun 16f, 20f, 176, 191f white-dwarf cooling 50–52 ZZ Ceti period decrease 54 bounds on couplings to photons 17, 81f, 176, 191f electrons 20f, 51f, 82, 85, 99f, 107–11 nucleons 512 conversion to photons 179–82, 185f, 188–90 derivative coupling 119, 531f, 563 emission processes bremsstrahlung (electronic) 102–5, 107f bremsstrahlung (nucleonic) 119–26, 143–45, 148f, 155f bremsstrahlung (quarks) 157f Compton 20, 94, 98, 108f energy spectrum 123, 175 pair annihilation 99f Primakoff (gluonic) 159 Primakoff (photonic) 168–75, 177 interaction Hamiltonian 119 long-range force 112 opacity contribution 18f, 21, 131f, 506–8 refractive index 250 solar direct search 100, 181, 191f PSR 0655+64 → 547 PSR 1913+16 (Hulse-Taylor binary pulsar) xiv, 113, 116, 547 PSR 1937+21 → 188, 190, 554 pulsar → neutron star pulse dispersion 554f pulsation constant 40 periods 40f period decrease 53f PVLAS experiment 185, 192 Q QCD: CP problem 524–26 Q-nuclei (quarked nuclei) 557 quark free 556f matter xv, 157–59, 557 masses 252, 525 mass ratios 535 mixing 261f quantum gravity 532f R radiative energy transfer → energy transfer, opacity random media: particle oscillations 181, 442f rank-ordering statistics 374f reactor: nuclear natural 546 neutrino radiative decay limits 454f neutrino spectrum 450, 453f, 455 red-giant branch → RGB core mass at helium ignition increase by particle emission 83–87 observational 75–79 theoretical 67f uncertainties 78f core rotation 78 properties and evolution 28–32, 592, 599 reduced opacity 19, 131
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Georg G. Raffelt Stars as Laborator
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Table of Contents Preface (xiv) Ack
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Table of Contents vii 4.5 Neutrino
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Table of Contents ix 8. Neutrino Os
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Table of Contents xi 12. Radiative
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Table of Contents xiii 16.3 New Int
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Preface xv Second, particles from d
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Preface xvii search for proton deca
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Preface xix cuts of higher-order gr
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Preface xxi quoted “astrophysical
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Chapter 1 The Energy-Loss Argument
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The Energy-Loss Argument 3 example
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The Energy-Loss Argument 5 trinos,
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The Energy-Loss Argument 7 As a sim
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The Energy-Loss Argument 9 The most
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The Energy-Loss Argument 11 against
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The Energy-Loss Argument 13 ing M;
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The Energy-Loss Argument 15 M ′ (
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The Energy-Loss Argument 17 Table 1
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The Energy-Loss Argument 19 ing to
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The Energy-Loss Argument 21 scalars
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Chapter 2 Anomalous Stellar Energy
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Anomalous Stellar Energy Losses Bou
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Chapter 3 Particles Interacting wit
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Particles Interacting with Electron
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Chapter 4 Processes in a Nuclear Me
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Processes in a Nuclear Medium 119 t
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Processes in a Nuclear Medium 121 f
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Processes in a Nuclear Medium 123 F
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Processes in a Nuclear Medium 129 v
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Processes in a Nuclear Medium 131 4
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Processes in a Nuclear Medium 133 i
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Processes in a Nuclear Medium 135 H
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Processes in a Nuclear Medium 137 I
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Processes in a Nuclear Medium 143 i
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Processes in a Nuclear Medium 145 s
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Processes in a Nuclear Medium 147 E
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Processes in a Nuclear Medium 149 a
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Processes in a Nuclear Medium 151 T
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Processes in a Nuclear Medium 153 r
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Processes in a Nuclear Medium 155 4
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Processes in a Nuclear Medium 157 I
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Processes in a Nuclear Medium 159 t
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Processes in a Nuclear Medium 161 A
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Processes in a Nuclear Medium 163 R
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Chapter 5 Two-Photon Coupling of Lo
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Two-Photon Coupling of Low-Mass Bos
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Chapter 6 Particle Dispersion and D
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Particle Dispersion and Decays in M
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Chapter 7 Nonstandard Neutrinos The
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Nonstandard Neutrinos 253 (“spont
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Nonstandard Neutrinos 255 kinematic
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Nonstandard Neutrinos 257 95% CL ma
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Nonstandard Neutrinos 259 Fig. 7.2.
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Nonstandard Neutrinos 261 In three-
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Nonstandard Neutrinos 263 Flavor mi
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Nonstandard Neutrinos 267 The quant
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Nonstandard Neutrinos 269 dipole mo
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Nonstandard Neutrinos 271 component
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Nonstandard Neutrinos 275 moments.
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Nonstandard Neutrinos 277 7.5.2 Spi
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Nonstandard Neutrinos 279 where m
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Neutrino Oscillations 281 and hence
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Neutrino Oscillations 283 As usual
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Neutrino Oscillations 285 two-flavo
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Neutrino Oscillations 287 Fig. 8.2.
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Neutrino Oscillations 289 8.2.4 Exp
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Neutrino Oscillations 293 Apparentl
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Neutrino Oscillations 297 when the
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Neutrino Oscillations 299 If the ne
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Neutrino Oscillations 301 8.3.5 The
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Neutrino Oscillations 303 It is als
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Neutrino Oscillations 305 system, h
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Neutrino Oscillations 307 say, betw
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Neutrino Oscillations 309 1991). Th
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Oscillations of Trapped Neutrinos 3
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Chapter 10 Solar Neutrinos The curr
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Solar Neutrinos 343 Fig. 10.1. Sola
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Solar Neutrinos 345 There exist vas
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Solar Neutrinos 347 10.2 Calculated
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Solar Neutrinos 349 Fig. 10.3. Norm
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Solar Neutrinos 351 a certain range
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Solar Neutrinos 353 While helium an
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Solar Neutrinos 355 Bahcall and Pin
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Solar Neutrinos 357 Xu et al. (1994
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Solar Neutrinos 359 Table 10.4. Spe
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Solar Neutrinos 361 Table 10.5. Pre
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Solar Neutrinos 363 rates attribute
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Solar Neutrinos 365 10.3.4 Water Ch
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Solar Neutrinos 367 Fig. 10.10. Dif
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Solar Neutrinos 369 Fig. 10.13. Mea
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Solar Neutrinos 371 Table 10.9. Cur
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Solar Neutrinos 373 of order the an
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Solar Neutrinos 375 Fig. 10.16. 37
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Solar Neutrinos 377 GALLEX, or Home
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Solar Neutrinos 379 Table 10.10. Me
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Solar Neutrinos 381 deficits in all
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Solar Neutrinos 383 The ν e surviv
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Solar Neutrinos 385 The allowed ran
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Solar Neutrinos 387 10.7 Spin and S
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Solar Neutrinos 389 10.8 Neutrino D
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Solar Neutrinos 391 The small- and
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Solar Neutrinos 393 flux above its
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Chapter 11 Supernova Neutrinos The
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Supernova Neutrinos 397 Fig. 11.1.
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Supernova Neutrinos 399 beyond the
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Supernova Neutrinos 401 ate neutrin
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Supernova Neutrinos 403 Convection
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Supernova Neutrinos 405 Hayes, and
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Supernova Neutrinos 407 11.2 Predic
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Supernova Neutrinos 409 must then b
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Supernova Neutrinos 411 Figure 11.6
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Supernova Neutrinos 413 signal (Sec
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Supernova Neutrinos 415 time) on 23
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Supernova Neutrinos 417 All of the
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Supernova Neutrinos 419 to multiple
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Supernova Neutrinos 421 the final-s
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Supernova Neutrinos 423 ter of 53 e
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Supernova Neutrinos 425 Given these
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Supernova Neutrinos 427 thorough st
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Supernova Neutrinos 429 The forward
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Supernova Neutrinos 431 Another int
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Supernova Neutrinos 433 ber of ν e
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Supernova Neutrinos 435 A “normal
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Supernova Neutrinos 437 Fig. 11.19.
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Supernova Neutrinos 439 The approxi
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Supernova Neutrinos 441 be taken to
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Supernova Neutrinos 443 sense that
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Supernova Neutrinos 445 presence of
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Supernova Neutrinos 447 An even mor
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Chapter 12 Radiative Particle Decay
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Radiative Particle Decays 451 one c
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Radiative Particle Decays 453 corre
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Radiative Particle Decays 455 is no
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Radiative Particle Decays 457 Fig.
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Radiative Particle Decays 461 12.3.
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Radiative Particle Decays 463 emiss
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Radiative Particle Decays 465 range
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Radiative Particle Decays 469 weak
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Radiative Particle Decays 471 value
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Radiative Particle Decays 473 ignor
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Radiative Particle Decays 479 Table
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Radiative Particle Decays 481 In or
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Radiative Particle Decays 485 while
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Radiative Particle Decays 487 h 100
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Radiative Particle Decays 491 still
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Chapter 13 What Have We Learned fro
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What Have We Learned from SN 1987A
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Axions 525 Table 14.1. Particle mag
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Axions 527 or axion decay constant.
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Axions 529 The Yukawa coupling h is
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Axions 531 14.2.3 Pseudoscalar vs.
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Axions 533 Notably, the Higgs field
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Axions 535 otic heavy quarks: only
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Axions 537 Various axion models dif
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Axions 539 Bounds on the Yukawa cou
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Axions 541 Fig. 14.5. Astrophysical
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Axions 543 decay into axions. This
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Chapter 15 Miscellaneous Exotica St
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Miscellaneous Exotica 547 Table 15.
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Miscellaneous Exotica 549 15.2.3 Pr
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Miscellaneous Exotica 551 Most rece
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Miscellaneous Exotica 553 Fig. 15.1
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Miscellaneous Exotica 555 A violati
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Miscellaneous Exotica 557 nuclei it
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Miscellaneous Exotica 559 mass, and
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Miscellaneous Exotica 561 backgroun
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Miscellaneous Exotica 563 SN 1987A
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Miscellaneous Exotica 565 which led
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Miscellaneous Exotica 567 For a nar
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Neutrinos: The Bottom Line 569 the
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Neutrinos: The Bottom Line 571 Neut
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Neutrinos: The Bottom Line 573 Apar
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Neutrinos: The Bottom Line 575 is d
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Neutrinos: The Bottom Line 577 of t
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Neutrinos: The Bottom Line 579 siti
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Units and Dimensions 581 In the ast
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Appendix B Neutrino Coupling Consta
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Appendix C Numerical Neutrino Energ
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Numerical Neutrino Energy-Loss Rate
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Numerical Neutrino Energy-Loss Rate
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Appendix D Characteristics of Stell
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Characteristics of Stellar Plasmas
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Page 627 and 628: References 607 Akhmedov, E. Kh., an
Page 629 and 630: References 609 Bahcall, J. N., Kras
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Page 633 and 634: References 613 Cannon, R. D. 1970,
Page 635 and 636: References 615 Cooper-Sarkar, A. M.
Page 637 and 638: References 617 Dodelson, S., Friema
Page 639 and 640: References 619 Fukuda, Y., et al. 1
Page 641 and 642: References 621 Goyal, A., Dutta, S.
Page 643 and 644: References 623 Hoogeveen, F., and S
Page 645 and 646: References 625 Kawakami, H., et al.
Page 647 and 648: References 627 Landau, L. D., and P
Page 649 and 650: References 629 Mayle, R. W., and Wi
Page 651 and 652: References 631 Nieves, J. F., and P
Page 653 and 654: References 633 Pochoda, P., and Sch
Page 655 and 656: References 635 Ross, J. E., and All
Page 657 and 658: References 637 Shlyakhter, A. I. 19
Page 659 and 660: References 639 Totsuka, Y. 1993, Ne
Page 661 and 662: References 641 Wiezorek, C., et al.
Page 663 and 664: Acronyms 643 L l.h. l.h.s. ly LMC L
Page 665 and 666: Symbols 645 dp differential in phas
Page 667 and 668: Symbols 647 X j Peccei-Quinn charge
Page 669 and 670: Subject Index A α-Ori 189 A665, A1
Page 671 and 672: Subject Index 651 Coulomb gauge 204
Page 673 and 674: Subject Index 653 H Hayashi line 32
Page 675 and 676: Subject Index 655 multiple scatteri
Page 677: Subject Index 657 neutrino radiativ
Page 681 and 682: Subject Index 661 SN 1987A bounds (
Page 683 and 684: Subject Index 663 supernova core bi
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