Stars as Laboratories for Fundamental Physics - MPP Theory Group

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662 Subject Index spin-spin interaction potential 141, 151 starburst galaxies 446 stars ages 27, 35, 43, 62f, 552–54 formation 24–27 initial mass function 24 intermediate-mass 37 mass loss 25, 34, 36 mass range 24 massive 37–39 populations in color-magnitude diagram 41 variable 12, 39–41, 52–54 statistical parallaxes 73 Stefan-Boltzmann law 409 stellar collapse → supernova: type II stellar evolution bibliography 24 descriptive overview 23–41 evolutionary track 31 main phases 30 stellar oscillations → helioseismology, variable stars, ZZ Ceti stars stellar structure convective 12f equations 5–14 examples for models 29f generic cases 7–10 homologous models 14–16, 549, 552 long-range force: new 113 sterile neutrinos → neutrinos: right-handed Stodolsky’s formula 313–15, 324f Stokes parameters 286 strange quark matter xv, 157–59, 557 structure function Coulomb plasma 106, 222–25 dynamical classical 146f detailed balance 129, 137, 146 formal definition 136–43, 323 long-wavelength limit 121, 128f, 141–43 Lorentzian model 135, 144–47 nuclear medium 128f, 135, 146–51, 161–63 spin-density 138 static 137, 222–25 subgiant 27, 28 sum rules 139–41 Sun → solar neutrino flux activity cycle 373–76, 387f axion spectrum 175 bounds on axion flux 100, 181, 191f time-varying G N 549–51 deflection of neutrinos 247f energy-loss argument 16f, 20f, 109f, 175f global properties central temperature 7, 353 convective layer 550 distance 341, 372 Kelvin-Helmholtz time scale 8 helium abundance 16f, 351, 549f luminosity 8, 341 magnetic field 186, 373–76, 387f, 554, 565 mass 7 plasma properties 599 radius 7, 351 opacity 21, 345, 353–55 positron flux limits 457, 461 spots 186, 373–76 standard model 29, 351–53 x- and γ-ray flux 458–62 superfluidity in neutron stars 58f Superkamiokande (Cherenkov detector) 343, 371, 390–2 supernova → SN 1987A burst observatory 448 core collapse → supernova: type II energetics: particle bounds 483 future 445–48 Kepler’s 39 galactic positron flux 484f rate 39, 446, 487f remnants 38f, 56–58 SN 1054 → 38 Tycho’s 39 type I → 36, 546 unit (SNu) 488
Subject Index 663 supernova core binding energy 407 characteristics of the medium 398, 505f, 512, 602–5 matter accretion 397, 400, 425f, 503 neutrino cooling → SN 1987A analytic emission models expected detector signal 418 schematic picture 397, 400, 407f spectral characteristics 408–11 time evolution 411–14 neutrino flavor conversion 332–38 particle cooling axion emission 501–4, 508–12 general argument 501–8 numerical studies 508–11, 513–16 structure (numerical model) 505f, 512 supernova: type II → supernova core description 37–39 explosion mechanism 401–5, 436f, 522 neutrino oscillations cooling phase 434–36 explosion mechanism 436f overview 430f prompt burst 432–34 r-process nucleosynthesis 437–42 nucleosynthesis 405–6, 437–42 stellar collapse 395–99 supersymmetric particles dark matter xv–xvi, 22, 558 emission from stars 81, 557f supersymmetry: flavor-changing neutral current 303 SXT satellite 186 T tau neutrino charge 567 dipole moment 278, 455, 457, 476f e + e − decay: bounds galactic supernovae 484–86 reactors 455, 457 SN 1987A γ-rays 480–82 solar positrons 457, 461 mass 256, 258–60, 485f theoretical decay rate 264 thermal broadening of beryllium line 350f thermal equilibrium in stars 8 Thomas-Fermi scale 221 transition moment → neutrino dipole moments transverse current 204, 219f transverse gauge 204 transverse part of the flavor polarization vector 314, 325 transverse photon mass 209, 214 triangle condition 153f triangle loop 167f, 530, 536 triangle: MSW 301–3, 386, 434 triple-α reaction 33, 80 tritium β decay 255 twisting magnetic field 308f two-photon coupling neutrinos 245, 265f, 271f various bosons 165–68 U, V units conversion factors 580–82 natural 6 rationalized 184, 580 URCA process 1, 58f, 152–54 vacuum birefringence 183–5, 187f, 190f, 554 vector bosons Compton process 91–93, 98 energy-loss bounds 82, 99, 110–12 long-range force 112–16, 500 virial theorem introduction 6f negative specific heat 7f VVO effect 387 W weak damping limit (of neutrino oscillations) 326f, 330f weak decay spectrum 348 weak mixing angle 583 Weinberg angle 583
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Georg G. Raffelt Stars as Laborator
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Table of Contents Preface (xiv) Ack
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Table of Contents vii 4.5 Neutrino
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Table of Contents ix 8. Neutrino Os
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Table of Contents xi 12. Radiative
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Table of Contents xiii 16.3 New Int
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Preface xv Second, particles from d
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Preface xvii search for proton deca
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Preface xix cuts of higher-order gr
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Preface xxi quoted “astrophysical
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Chapter 1 The Energy-Loss Argument
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The Energy-Loss Argument 3 example
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The Energy-Loss Argument 5 trinos,
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The Energy-Loss Argument 7 As a sim
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The Energy-Loss Argument 9 The most
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The Energy-Loss Argument 11 against
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The Energy-Loss Argument 13 ing M;
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The Energy-Loss Argument 15 M ′ (
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The Energy-Loss Argument 17 Table 1
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The Energy-Loss Argument 19 ing to
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The Energy-Loss Argument 21 scalars
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Chapter 2 Anomalous Stellar Energy
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Anomalous Stellar Energy Losses Bou
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Chapter 3 Particles Interacting wit
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Particles Interacting with Electron
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Chapter 4 Processes in a Nuclear Me
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Processes in a Nuclear Medium 119 t
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Processes in a Nuclear Medium 121 f
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Processes in a Nuclear Medium 123 F
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Processes in a Nuclear Medium 129 v
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Processes in a Nuclear Medium 131 4
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Processes in a Nuclear Medium 133 i
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Processes in a Nuclear Medium 135 H
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Processes in a Nuclear Medium 137 I
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Processes in a Nuclear Medium 143 i
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Processes in a Nuclear Medium 145 s
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Processes in a Nuclear Medium 147 E
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Processes in a Nuclear Medium 149 a
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Processes in a Nuclear Medium 151 T
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Processes in a Nuclear Medium 153 r
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Processes in a Nuclear Medium 155 4
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Processes in a Nuclear Medium 157 I
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Processes in a Nuclear Medium 159 t
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Processes in a Nuclear Medium 161 A
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Processes in a Nuclear Medium 163 R
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Chapter 5 Two-Photon Coupling of Lo
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Two-Photon Coupling of Low-Mass Bos
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Chapter 6 Particle Dispersion and D
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Particle Dispersion and Decays in M
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Chapter 7 Nonstandard Neutrinos The
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Nonstandard Neutrinos 253 (“spont
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Nonstandard Neutrinos 255 kinematic
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Nonstandard Neutrinos 257 95% CL ma
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Nonstandard Neutrinos 259 Fig. 7.2.
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Nonstandard Neutrinos 261 In three-
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Nonstandard Neutrinos 263 Flavor mi
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Nonstandard Neutrinos 267 The quant
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Nonstandard Neutrinos 269 dipole mo
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Nonstandard Neutrinos 271 component
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Nonstandard Neutrinos 275 moments.
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Nonstandard Neutrinos 277 7.5.2 Spi
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Nonstandard Neutrinos 279 where m
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Neutrino Oscillations 281 and hence
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Neutrino Oscillations 283 As usual
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Neutrino Oscillations 285 two-flavo
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Neutrino Oscillations 287 Fig. 8.2.
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Neutrino Oscillations 289 8.2.4 Exp
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Neutrino Oscillations 293 Apparentl
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Neutrino Oscillations 297 when the
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Neutrino Oscillations 299 If the ne
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Neutrino Oscillations 301 8.3.5 The
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Neutrino Oscillations 303 It is als
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Neutrino Oscillations 305 system, h
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Neutrino Oscillations 307 say, betw
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Neutrino Oscillations 309 1991). Th
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Oscillations of Trapped Neutrinos 3
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Chapter 10 Solar Neutrinos The curr
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Solar Neutrinos 343 Fig. 10.1. Sola
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Solar Neutrinos 345 There exist vas
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Solar Neutrinos 347 10.2 Calculated
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Solar Neutrinos 349 Fig. 10.3. Norm
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Solar Neutrinos 351 a certain range
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Solar Neutrinos 353 While helium an
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Solar Neutrinos 355 Bahcall and Pin
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Solar Neutrinos 357 Xu et al. (1994
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Solar Neutrinos 359 Table 10.4. Spe
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Solar Neutrinos 361 Table 10.5. Pre
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Solar Neutrinos 363 rates attribute
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Solar Neutrinos 365 10.3.4 Water Ch
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Solar Neutrinos 367 Fig. 10.10. Dif
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Solar Neutrinos 369 Fig. 10.13. Mea
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Solar Neutrinos 371 Table 10.9. Cur
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Solar Neutrinos 373 of order the an
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Solar Neutrinos 375 Fig. 10.16. 37
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Solar Neutrinos 377 GALLEX, or Home
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Solar Neutrinos 379 Table 10.10. Me
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Solar Neutrinos 381 deficits in all
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Solar Neutrinos 383 The ν e surviv
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Solar Neutrinos 385 The allowed ran
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Solar Neutrinos 387 10.7 Spin and S
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Solar Neutrinos 389 10.8 Neutrino D
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Solar Neutrinos 391 The small- and
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Solar Neutrinos 393 flux above its
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Chapter 11 Supernova Neutrinos The
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Supernova Neutrinos 397 Fig. 11.1.
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Supernova Neutrinos 399 beyond the
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Supernova Neutrinos 401 ate neutrin
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Supernova Neutrinos 403 Convection
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Supernova Neutrinos 405 Hayes, and
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Supernova Neutrinos 407 11.2 Predic
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Supernova Neutrinos 409 must then b
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Supernova Neutrinos 411 Figure 11.6
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Supernova Neutrinos 413 signal (Sec
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Supernova Neutrinos 415 time) on 23
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Supernova Neutrinos 417 All of the
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Supernova Neutrinos 419 to multiple
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Supernova Neutrinos 421 the final-s
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Supernova Neutrinos 423 ter of 53 e
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Supernova Neutrinos 425 Given these
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Supernova Neutrinos 427 thorough st
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Supernova Neutrinos 429 The forward
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Supernova Neutrinos 431 Another int
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Supernova Neutrinos 433 ber of ν e
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Supernova Neutrinos 435 A “normal
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Supernova Neutrinos 437 Fig. 11.19.
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Supernova Neutrinos 439 The approxi
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Supernova Neutrinos 441 be taken to
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Supernova Neutrinos 443 sense that
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Supernova Neutrinos 445 presence of
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Supernova Neutrinos 447 An even mor
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Chapter 12 Radiative Particle Decay
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Radiative Particle Decays 451 one c
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Radiative Particle Decays 453 corre
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Radiative Particle Decays 455 is no
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Radiative Particle Decays 457 Fig.
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Radiative Particle Decays 461 12.3.
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Radiative Particle Decays 463 emiss
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Radiative Particle Decays 465 range
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Radiative Particle Decays 469 weak
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Radiative Particle Decays 471 value
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Radiative Particle Decays 473 ignor
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Radiative Particle Decays 479 Table
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Radiative Particle Decays 481 In or
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Radiative Particle Decays 485 while
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Radiative Particle Decays 487 h 100
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Radiative Particle Decays 491 still
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Chapter 13 What Have We Learned fro
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What Have We Learned from SN 1987A
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Axions 525 Table 14.1. Particle mag
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Axions 527 or axion decay constant.
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Axions 529 The Yukawa coupling h is
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Axions 531 14.2.3 Pseudoscalar vs.
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Axions 533 Notably, the Higgs field
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Axions 535 otic heavy quarks: only
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Axions 537 Various axion models dif
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Axions 539 Bounds on the Yukawa cou
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Axions 541 Fig. 14.5. Astrophysical
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Axions 543 decay into axions. This
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Chapter 15 Miscellaneous Exotica St
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Miscellaneous Exotica 547 Table 15.
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Miscellaneous Exotica 549 15.2.3 Pr
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Miscellaneous Exotica 551 Most rece
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Miscellaneous Exotica 553 Fig. 15.1
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Miscellaneous Exotica 555 A violati
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Miscellaneous Exotica 557 nuclei it
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Miscellaneous Exotica 559 mass, and
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Miscellaneous Exotica 561 backgroun
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Miscellaneous Exotica 563 SN 1987A
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Miscellaneous Exotica 565 which led
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Miscellaneous Exotica 567 For a nar
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Neutrinos: The Bottom Line 569 the
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Neutrinos: The Bottom Line 571 Neut
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Neutrinos: The Bottom Line 573 Apar
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Neutrinos: The Bottom Line 575 is d
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Neutrinos: The Bottom Line 577 of t
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Neutrinos: The Bottom Line 579 siti
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Units and Dimensions 581 In the ast
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Appendix B Neutrino Coupling Consta
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Appendix C Numerical Neutrino Energ
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Numerical Neutrino Energy-Loss Rate
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Numerical Neutrino Energy-Loss Rate
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Appendix D Characteristics of Stell
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Characteristics of Stellar Plasmas
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References 607 Akhmedov, E. Kh., an
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References 609 Bahcall, J. N., Kras
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Page 635 and 636: References 615 Cooper-Sarkar, A. M.
Page 637 and 638: References 617 Dodelson, S., Friema
Page 639 and 640: References 619 Fukuda, Y., et al. 1
Page 641 and 642: References 621 Goyal, A., Dutta, S.
Page 643 and 644: References 623 Hoogeveen, F., and S
Page 645 and 646: References 625 Kawakami, H., et al.
Page 647 and 648: References 627 Landau, L. D., and P
Page 649 and 650: References 629 Mayle, R. W., and Wi
Page 651 and 652: References 631 Nieves, J. F., and P
Page 653 and 654: References 633 Pochoda, P., and Sch
Page 655 and 656: References 635 Ross, J. E., and All
Page 657 and 658: References 637 Shlyakhter, A. I. 19
Page 659 and 660: References 639 Totsuka, Y. 1993, Ne
Page 661 and 662: References 641 Wiezorek, C., et al.
Page 663 and 664: Acronyms 643 L l.h. l.h.s. ly LMC L
Page 665 and 666: Symbols 645 dp differential in phas
Page 667 and 668: Symbols 647 X j Peccei-Quinn charge
Page 669 and 670: Subject Index A α-Ori 189 A665, A1
Page 671 and 672: Subject Index 651 Coulomb gauge 204
Page 673 and 674: Subject Index 653 H Hayashi line 32
Page 675 and 676: Subject Index 655 multiple scatteri
Page 677 and 678: Subject Index 657 neutrino radiativ
Page 679 and 680: Subject Index 659 Primakoff process
Page 681: Subject Index 661 SN 1987A bounds (
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