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mass media, etc., which belong to different organizationsand operate at various spatial levels. Moreover, some ormost of them may not have participated in the activities atthe previous stages. Their participation and effectivenessdepend on their official roles, interests in the problem situationand informal rules of conducting. The patterns ofinteractions among implementers during implementationare not always formally established or clear, frequentlyevolving into either co-operation or rivalry. Lack of coordinationamong resource regimes and implementingorganizations as well as among implementation proceduresis common because of the interest-led characterof policy/plan formulation. Implementation effectivenessdepends critically on availability of means, optimal combinationand co-ordination as well as on the enforcement ofpolicy/plan provisions – the requirements that are rarelymet in practice. “Enforcement depends crucially on thesocial acceptance of proposed solutions, the systems offormal and informal sanctions and provided rewards, andthe compliance culture of recipients. Implementers whodisagree with proposed solutions or with procedures thatdiffer from their customary practices will most probablynot observe policy or plan prescriptions, or they will ‘bendthe official rules’ and use available means for other purposes.This is particularly crucial at the level of the actualresource users”, – Briassoulis (2004, p. 124) concluded.Extensive discussions about sustainable developmenthave brought sharply the subject of renewableresource management. Undoubtedly, if the process ofdevelopment is to be sustainable, then essential renewableresources, including those considered as drivers ofclimate change, need to be optimally managed. However,despite even the best efforts, these resources may still hita crisis state.A key goal of renewable resource managers is to takeactions to ensure that the resource being managed staysaway from irreversible or crisis states, in which it providesneither consumptive nor non-consumptive services to humans(Batabyal and Beladi, 2006). This statement is especiallyimportant for developing countries and some countriesin transition that are largely agrarian (for example,Moldova). These countries are significantly dependent onrenewable natural resources, and particularly those thatare inherit in their local environment (e.g. soil, water, pasture,grasslands, etc.). Given the nature and the extent ofthis dependence, the optimal management of renewableresources is an extremely important policy objective.Time, taken for a renewal, provides information aboutthe character of a resource. If, depending on the existingstock, a resource can renew itself within decision-makingperiods, it is relevant to humans without targeted humanintervention. A renewable resource can exist in a finitenumber of states, some of which are desirable, others– undesirable, and some of the latter are likely to be irreversible.In these irreversible or crisis states the resourceis so degraded or transformed that (no matter how hard tomanage it) its return into origin or more favourable state isimpossible. The objective of renewable resource managementin maximizing the amount of time a resource spendsin the desirable set of states, or in minimizing the amount itspends in the undesirable—but not the irreversible—set ofstates (Batabyal and Beladi, 2006).ReferencesBatabyal A.A. and H. Beladi, 2006: Renewable ResourceManagement in Developing Countries: How Long Until Crisis? Reviewof Development Economics, 10(1): 103–112Batchelor, C.H., 1995: Water Resources Management andAgricultural Production in the Central Asian Republics. Report on anAgro-Hydrological Consultancy to Sub-Project 7 of the WARMAPProject, June 1995, Institute of Hydrology, Oxford.Briassoulis H., 2004: The Institutional Complexity of EnvironmentalPolicy and Planning Problems: The Example of MediterraneanDesertification. Journal of Environmental Planning and Management,47(1): 115–135.Cain J., C. Batchelor, D. Waughray, 1999: Belief networks:A framework for the participatory development of natural resourcemanagement strategies. Environment, Development and Sustainability1: 123–133Millennium Ecosystem Assessment, 2005: Ecosystems andHuman Well-being—Synthesis. Island Press, Washington, DC. [http://www.millenniumassessment.org/documents/document.356.aspx.pdf].Noorbakhsh F. and S. Ranjan, 1999: A model for sustainabledevelopment: integrating environmental impact assessment and projectplanning. Impact Assessment and Project Appraisal, 17(4): 283–293Varone F., Reynard E., Kissling-Nбf I., Mauch C., 2002: InstitutionalResource Regimes: The Case of Water Management in Switzerland.Integrated Assessment 3(1): 78-94.Walker, B.: 2006: A Resilience Approach to Integrated Assessment.The Integrated Assessment Journal, (IAJ), Bridging Sciences & Policy5(1): 77–97.ЭНТОМОФАУНА КИЦКАНСКОГО ЛЕСА КАК ОБЪЕКТ ИЗУЧЕНИЯВ ПЕРИОД ПОЛЕВЫХ ПРАКТИК (1993–2010 гг.) ДЛЯ СТУДЕНТОВ-БИОЛОГОВЛ.В. Котомина, С.С. ШешницанПриднестровский государственный университет им. Т.Г. ШевченкоFAUNA OF KITSKANY FOREST’S INSECTS AS AN OBJECT OF STUDY DURINGTHE FIELD PRACTICE (1993–2010) FOR THE STUDENTS OF BIOLOGYL.V. Kotomina, S.S. SheshnitsanField practice on zoology of invertebrates play defining role in formation of the biologist. Many years the basic place for the practice is Kitskanyforest. In article data are resulted about rare and usual species of forest’s entomofauna on the basis of gathering of students. The factors negativelyaffecting a biodiversity of insects of the forest are specified.Полевые практики по зоологии беспозвоночныхиграют определяющую роль в подготовке специалиста-биолога.В процессе их прохождения будущий специалистне только закрепляет полученные на лекционныхи лабораторно-практических занятиях знания, но иприобретает необходимый минимум навыков полевыхисследований для будущей самостоятельной работы.Лекционные и лабораторно-практические занятия,— 112 —