Молодой учёный

More documents

Recommendations

Info

340 Государство и право «<strong>Молодой</strong> <strong>учёный</strong>» . № 5 (40) . Май, 2012 г. органов государственной власти, их структурных подразделений и должностных лиц, то есть «естественными» причинами объективно-субъективного свойства, основывающимися на функциональном разделении и разделении ролей. Поскольку при реализации государственных полномочий полностью устранить конфликтность управленческого процесса не представляется возможным, основная Литература: задача состоит в их предотвращении, урегулировании, минимизации негативных последствий. В этих целях исключительно важным представляется мониторинг комплекса причин и условий возникновения на государственной службе конфликта интересов, а также специфичных факторов, инициирующих его возникновение применительно к конкретным сферам государственной деятельности, в том числе связанных с коррупционными рисками. 1. Анцупов А.Я., Шипилов А.И. Словарь конфликтолога: 2-е изд. – СПб:, 2006. – 528 с. 2. Барсукова Р.А. Уголовно-правовые аспекты борьбы со служебным подлогом в сфере государственной службы. – Алматы, 2005. – 141 с. 3. Магомедов К.О. Социология государственной службы: учебное пособие, изд. 2-е, перераб. и доп. – М., 2004. – 345 с. 4. Распоряжение Правительства Российской Федерации от 25 октября 2005 г. № 1789-р «О Концепции административной реформы в Российской Федерации в 2006–2010 годах» // Собрание законодательства Российской Федерации. 2005. № 46. Ст.4720. 5. Соловьев А.В. Конфликты на государственной службе: типология и управление. – М., 2008. с. 36. 6. Указ Президента Российской Федерации от 10 марта 2009 г. № 261 «О федеральной программе «Реформирование и развитие системы государственной службы Российской Федерации (2009–2013 годы)» // Собрание законодательства Российской Федерации. 2009. № 11. Ст.1277. Some aspects of the consumer markets functioning Neverova V. Alexandra, senior teacher; Bartashuk V. Natalia, student The South Russia State University of Economics and Service (Shakhty) The state of the consumer market is one of the most important indicators of socio-economic situation of the country. Many complex processes that arise while matching supply of and demand for goods and services on the market ensure both cash income and total production and selling of goods, thus laying the foundations of financial stability. That is why the problem of effective legal operation of the consumer market is one of the most acute and urgent at the moment. In order to confront crimes and other offenses on the consumer market effectively, it is necessary to examine the reasons for their occurrence and spread. This approach allows the most profound understanding of their nature and also helps to respond with appropriate measures. The responsibility of public authorities to detect and eliminate the causes and conditions that entail administrative violations is fixed by law. The factors leading to these reasons are the following: – socio-economic; – organization of law enforcement and other government agencies; – the legal regulation in trade relations; – legal education and legal nihilism [1, p.111]. The economic reasons are preconditioned by the imbalance of economic development (inequality of economic needs and opportunities) and objective contradiction between the economic interests of persons engaged in sales, production of goods, and providing services, and economic interests of the State. But the main reason for administrative violation of law in the consumer market is a significant financial benefit associated with the illegal business. The social causes of crime are derived from the conflict between the person, society and the State. The main reason here is dissatisfaction of a person with his or her status in society. As a result, he or she refuses the rules of conduct accepted in the society and the State. An important factor that contributes to administrative violations in the consumer market is current law enforcement system imperfection. This happens through disunity and diversity of the legal and regulatory framework, as well as complicating of the illegal acts detection scheme by limiting the grounds for conducting inspections of businesses. The other causes happen through the undermining of values among the greater part of the population (especially youth), resulting in the ideas about the easy ways to become rich by fraud and participation in the criminal and semi-criminal business. Various forms of antisocial and even criminal behavior have become recognized as socially approved. Crimes committed in the consumer market belong to the category of crimes which are the most dependent on the will-
“Young Scientist” . #5 (40) . May 2012 ingness of law-enforcement agencies to combat them. In other words, if there is a political will, all necessary organizational efforts are taken and material costs are incurred, in this case law enforcement agencies are quite capable of reducing the crime rate dramatically. However, crimes and other offenses in the consumer market have become increasingly sophisticated. The steady growth in the wholesale, retail and service industries is accompanied by a steady increase in the number of offenses committed at the consumer market businesses along with the decrease in their quality and public danger. As far as offenses in the consumer market are concerned, the current situation requires some changes in criminal law that will improve law enforcement, prosecution and legal procedure. It will help to prevent, combat and investigate crime in the consumer market. Crimes in the consumer market are generally considered to be a kind of economic crime and they are distinguished as a separate classification group in the criminal law literature. We can identify the characteristics of crimes in question: they must be committed during the process of production or selling of goods (or importing goods for the purpose of their selling in the Russian Federation), performance of work and rendering services, and these acts must be committed by producers, performers, vendors, importers, authorized by the manufacturer (seller) or the consumers. These crimes are committed by the subjects in the exercise of social relations emerging in the consumer market which in themselves are legitimate or may be legitimate. Crimes committed in the consumer market are divided into: the crimes infringing upon the legitimate interests of producers, performers, vendors, importers and authorized by the producers (seller) individuals (Art. 159, 165, Criminal Code, RF 1 ); crimes infringing upon the rights and legitimate interests of consumers (Art. 159, 171, 171–1, 236, 237, 238, Criminal Code, RF), which in their turn can be subdivided into crimes that cause or may cause direct harm to rights and legal interests of consumers (Art. 159, 171, 171–1, 236 and 238, Criminal Code, RF), and crimes that cause or may cause indirect harm to rights and legitimate interests of consumers (Art. 237, Criminal Code, RF). [2, p.106] Currently, a lot of practical work is being done to improve the situation in the consumer market. Federal Law «On the basic State regulation of commercial activities in the Russian Federation» 2 was passed. The labour conditions of retail markets have been put into order since the beginning State and Law 341 of 2007. There control over the quality of manufactured and sold in the consumer market goods and services rendered was also tightened (Art. 22, 23) 3 . A new revision of Art. 174–1 was formulated in 2010 (legalization (laundering) of money or other property acquired by a person through committing a crime). The offence specified in the Act was considerably concretized. The offence that involves small amounts of money was considered to be a non-criminal act and is punishable by a fine of 120 thousand roubles or in the amount of wages or other income obtained by a person during the period up to one year. The upper limit of the norms of the majority of the acts specified in Chapter 22 of the Criminal Code RF was significantly raised «Crimes in the sphere of economic activity». Large size, damage, large-scale income or debt is considered to be the amount exceeding 1,500000 roubles. Particularly large refers to 6,000000 roubles. (That is six times more than it used to be).Thus, the vast majority of offences committed in the sphere of economic activity are transferred from the sphere of criminal law to administrative, civil or any other area of law. January 10, 2010 new regulations on punishment in the form of the restraint of liberty came into force. This kind of punishment is provided for the number of crimes in the consumer market, such as fraud, committed by a group or on a large scale, a crime committed by a person using his or her official status, transportation, storage, sale of goods, works or services that do not meet the requirements of safety of life or health of the consumer, as well as the illegal issue or use of an official document certifying the conformity of goods, works or services to the safety requirements (Art. 159, 174, 174–1 and 238, Criminal Code, RF). Corruption has a significant impact on crime in the consumer market. It can take many forms – from lobbying corruption, patronage and protection of private businesses to providing benefits and granting privileges (especially access to budget funds and State property, the supply of confidential proprietary information). It puts pressure on competition through the enforcement authorities, or vice versa – guards businesses against such checks. In this regard, governmental measures taken in the Federal Law on May 4, 2011 № 97 4 seem to be quite adequate and modern: the task is to make a bribe or a commercial bribe unprofitable. Federal Law of December 7, 2011 № 420-FL 5 (Art. 180) provides for a sanction as a penalty ranging from 500 thousand to 1 million roubles or other income of convict for the 1 Уголовный кодекс Российской Федерации от 13 июня 1996 г. № 63-ФЗ (с изм., внесенными Постановлениями Конституционного суда РФ от 13 июля 2010 г. № 15-П) // Рос. газ. 2010. 8 июня. 2 Федеральный закон РФ от 28 декабря 2009 г. № 381-ФЗ «Об основах государственного регулирования торговой деятельности в Российской Федерации» // Рос. газ. 2011. 26 ноября. 3 Федеральный закон РФ от 30 декабря 2006 г. № 271-ФЗ (с изм., внесенными 21 ноября 2011 г. Федеральным законом РФ № 327-ФЗ) «О розничных рынках и о внесении изменений в Трудовой кодекс Российской Федерации» // Рос. газ. 2011. 26 ноября. 4 Федеральный закон РФ от 4 мая 2011 г. № 97-ФЗ «О внесении изменений в Уголовный кодекс Российской Федерации и Кодекс Российской Федерации об административных правонарушениях в связи с совершенствованием государственного управления в области противодействия коррупции» // Рос. газ. 2011. 6 мая. 5 Федеральный закон РФ от 4 мая 2011 г. № 420-ФЗ «О внесении изменений в Уголовный кодекс Российской Федерации и отдельные законодательные акты Российской Федерации» // Рос. газ. 2011. 8 декабря.
Page 1 and 2:
Молодой учёный № 5 (
Page 3 and 4:
“Young Scientist” . #5 (40) . M
Page 5:
“Young Scientist” . #5 (40) . M
Page 8 and 9:
142 Экономика и упра
Page 10 and 11:
Page 12 and 13:
Page 14 and 15:
Page 16 and 17:
Page 18 and 19:
Page 20 and 21:
Page 22 and 23:
Page 24 and 25:
Page 26 and 27:
Page 28 and 29:
Page 30 and 31:
Page 32 and 33:
Page 34 and 35:
Page 36 and 37:
Page 38 and 39:
Page 40 and 41:
Page 42 and 43:
Page 44 and 45:
Page 46 and 47:
Page 48 and 49:
Page 50 and 51:
Page 52 and 53:
Page 54 and 55:
Page 56 and 57:
Page 58 and 59:
Page 60 and 61:
Page 62 and 63:
Page 64 and 65:
Page 66 and 67:
Page 68 and 69:
Page 70 and 71:
Page 72 and 73:
Page 74 and 75:
Page 76 and 77:
Page 78 and 79:
Page 80 and 81:
Page 82 and 83:
Page 84 and 85:
Page 86 and 87:
Page 88 and 89:
Page 90 and 91:
Page 92 and 93:
Page 94 and 95:
Page 96 and 97:
Page 98 and 99:
Page 100 and 101:
Page 102 and 103:
Page 104 and 105:
Page 106 and 107:
Page 108 and 109:
Page 110 and 111:
Page 112 and 113:
Page 114 and 115:
Page 116 and 117:
Page 118 and 119:
Page 120 and 121:
Page 122 and 123:
Page 124 and 125:
Page 126 and 127:
Page 128 and 129:
Page 130 and 131:
Page 132 and 133:
Page 134 and 135:
Page 136 and 137:
Page 138 and 139:
272 Философия «Молод
Page 140 and 141:
274 Философия «Молод
Page 142 and 143:
276 Филология «Молод
Page 144 and 145:
Page 146 and 147:
Page 148 and 149:
Page 150 and 151:
Page 152 and 153:
Page 154 and 155:
Page 156 and 157: 290 Филология «Молод
Page 188 and 189: 322 Государство и пр
Page 220 and 221: 354 Политология «Мол
Page 232: Молодой ученый Еже
show all

Молодой учёный

Create successful ePaper yourself

Delete template?

Save as template?