Молодой учёный

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342 Государство и право «<strong>Молодой</strong> <strong>учёный</strong>» . № 5 (40) . Май, 2012 г. period from 3 to 5 years for the unlawful use of a trademark on the prior agreement of parties. At present criminalization of the consumer market makes questions of responsibility for production and sale of adulterated and counterfeit products urgent (especially excisable like spirits, etc.). At this stage the legislative framework and adopted by the State penal measures are ineffective and require revision. Simplification of the work of legal entities due to the reduction of planned inspections by State control to one time in three years (except for tax control), limits the possibility of controlling authorities to monitor adulterated and counterfeit products. The abolition of compulsory certification of consumer products also complicates the situation. To save time, effort and money in the process of creating a mechanism for the effective management and protection of the consumer market we should refer to foreign experience in this area. Returning to the problem of rare inspections of legal entities in Russia, it should be noted that in Germany controlling authorities decide themselves how often they will carry out inspections. The regularity of inspections depends on the type and origin of products, practices of internal company control, health, education and quality of personnel, previous record of violations. When there is information about possible violations the checks over and above the plan are carried out [3, p.47]. It should be emphasized that the European Union (EU) monitors the quality of products though the Food and Veterinary Service of the Directorate General for Health and Consumer Protection, which is guided by EU directives on health and consumer protection. Its tasks include among other matters control over compliance with the Union directives in the field of food quality in the EU and in the Third World countries, supplying EU markets with their products. In Russian conditions, the protection of consumer interests in terms of quality of goods, the range of products, prices and saturation of the market with the goods is entrusted to the Department of Consumer market and Services in Moscow and similar agencies in the regions. However, this department is unable to control the importation of counterfeit goods, which led to its saturation (35%) in Moscow market. The situation ended up with a fact that check of each product requires permission. German society for quality control and research institutes studying the market from Mainz provides information for consumers about the quality of the goods. The federal government helps to publish the journal «Test» which informs the consumers about new products, examines the quality, offers alternative products to compare, reports the indicative prices, and gives advice to consumers [4, p.64]. In Russia these functions are executed by publications of the Union of Consumers of the Russian Federation and to a lesser extent – the TV program «Test Purchases», «Habitat» and others. Also in Germany there is a practice when the enterprises of provisions area have special journal where you can find all information about the deal like the time and the place and the price etc. Such a system allows analyzing the supply chain, identifying the direct perpetrators and thus preventing further movement of defective products. One of the main forms of State regulation of foreign consumer market is price regulation when the public authorities undertake pricing for specific types of goods and services that are crucial to the national economy. From 5 to 10% of the consumer prices in the United States are regulated. Herewith direct regulation is limited – only in monopolized industries under antitrust laws. The most extensively used methods of indirect price regulation such as regulation of the discount rate of the Federal Reserve Banks are the reduction of government deficits, large-scale purchases of goods and services for federal purposes with fixed prices, tax incentives for consumption and sales. There are approximately 20% of prices controlled by State in France and 10% in Spain. A wide-range price control makes the market less flexible, inhibits the growth of production, restrains competition, and limits the intersectoral mobility of capital. However, the limited State regulation of prices takes place in all countries with developed market economies. The selective credit policy is a very significant trend in the sphere of State regulation of consumer market. Credit support can be obtained both by sellers of consumer goods and consumers (in case of expensive, but necessary purchase). When credit privileges are not enough the measures of direct subsidies to consumers may be applied to increase demand. Taxation methods are widely used in developed countries for consumer markets regulation. In particular, in the most countries essential goods are imposed by taxes to a lesser extent and luxury goods, alcohol and tobacco products carry the main tax burden. Different public organizations have a large impact on consumer markets along with public authorities in countries with developed market economies. In the majority of developed countries there are large national organizations of consumers such as Consumers Union in the USA, British Association of Consumers, and National Institute for Consumers in France. The legislation is being improved under the influence of public organizations. Strict standards of environmental safety, quality of goods and services are being developed. Consumers Unions conduct an independent examination of goods and services, educate consumers, interact with legislators, manufacturers, conduct public opinion and consumer preferences polls, publish reference and technical literature, provide citizens with necessary legal assistance. Two public organizations in Russia are Consumers Union of the Russian Federation and the National Foundation of Consumer Protection. Thus, at this moment in Russia the basis for effective functioning of consumer market is developed but not in detail. There is no single conceptual legitimate approach to regulate and protect the relations arising in the market. The task to speed the completion of the formation of a legislative package regulating economic relations should be put forward as a top priority. We should also take into consideration
“Young Scientist” . #5 (40) . May 2012 the experience of foreign management practices in consumer market regulation but do not copy particular control measures and accept only the basic ideas. The State is obliged Bibliography 343 to take care of the population: its activity and self-organization, the flexibility and absence of ideology for all forms and types of regulation. 1. Коренюгин В.В. Административные правонарушения в сфере потребительского рынка: факторы, влияющие на их совершение (современный аспект) // Юристъ-Правоведъ. – 2010. – № 6. – С. 111–115 2. Сулейманов С.М. К вопросу о выработке концепции уголовной политики по противостоянию преступлениям, совершенным на потребительском рынке // Бизнес в законе. – 2011. – № 4. – С. 106–110 3. Ильин С.Н. Регулирование и защита потребительского рынка / С.Н. Ильин, А.С. Ильин // Вестник академии. – 2011. – № 1. – С. 46–48 4. Зверев А.В. Организация и регулирование розничной торговли в Германии // Экономист. – 2010. – № 2. – С. 62–70 Понятие горных, строительных и иных работ Понятие горных работ дается в Федеральном законе от 20 июня 1996 г. «О государственном регулировании в области добычи и использования угля, об особенностях социальной защиты работников организации угольной промышленности» 1 , Единых правилах безопасности при разработке месторождений полезных ископаемых открытым способом, утвержденных Постановлением Федерального горного и промышленного надзора России от 9 сентября 2002 г2 . Горные работы представляют собой комплекс работ (производственных процессов) в горнодобывающей промышленности по проведению, креплению, поддержанию горных выработок и выемке полезного ископаемого; работы по строительству, эксплуатации, расширению, реконструкции, техническому перевооружению, консервации и ликвидации карьеров, приисков, гидроотвалов обогатительных фабрик, золотоотвалов и шлакоотвалов ТЭЦ и металлургических предприятий. Конкретные правила безопасности при производстве горных работ определяются также Правилами безопасности в угольных шахтах, утвержденными Постановлением Федерального горного и промышленного надзора России от 5 июня 2003 г3 . Общие требования к безопасности работ – рабочие, занятые на производстве горных работ, должны иметь профессиональное образование, соответствующее профилю выполняемых работ, должны быть обучены безопасным приемам работы, знать сигналы аварийного оповещения, правила поведения при авариях, места расположения средств спасения и уметь пользоваться ими. Никиточкина Марина Викторовна, соискатель Южно-российский гуманитарный институт (г. Ростов-на-Дону) 1 Сборник законодательства РФ. 1996. N 26. Ст. 3033. 2 Бюллетень нормативных актов федеральных органов исполнительной власти. 2002. N 51. 3 Российская газета. 2003. 21 июня. State and Law Рабочие не реже чем каждые 6 месяцев должны проходить повторный инструктаж по безопасности труда и не реже одного раза в год – проверку знания инструкций по профессиям. Результаты проверки оформляются протоколом с записью в журнал инструктажа и личную карточку рабочего. Для всех поступающих на работу лиц, а также для лиц, переводимых на другую работу, обязательно проведение инструктажа по безопасности труда, обучение безопасным методам и приемам выполнения работ, оказания первой помощи пострадавшим. Рабочие и специалисты должны быть обеспечены и обязаны пользоваться специальной одеждой, специальной обувью, исправными защитными касками, очками и другими средствами индивидуальной защиты, соответствующими их профессии и условиям, согласно утвержденным нормам. Лица, не состоящие в штате объекта горных работ, но имеющие необходимость в его посещении для выполнения производственных заданий, должны быть проинструктированы по мерам безопасности и обеспечены индивидуальными средствами защиты. Каждый работающий до начала работы должен удостовериться в безопасном состоянии своего рабочего места, проверить наличие и исправность предохранительных устройств, защитных средств, инструмента, механизмов и приспособлений, требующихся для работы. При обнаружении нарушений требований безопасности работник должен, не приступая к работе, сооб-
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272 Философия «Молод
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Молодой учёный

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