A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED TO THE FACULTY OF THE ...

In some cases, however, where a narrow gloss is necessitated, hyphens may be used to
offset morphological content below the word level, but the gloss itself will be specific
enough so as to make it clear what is being offset. For example, clitic elements which
normally would not be explicitly marked in the gloss as clitics will be specifically marked
as such (clitic = “CL”) in narrow interlinear glosses. This practice will be applied to
other elements not explicitly marked or accounted for in the broad glosses.
In regards to clitics, the common convention for Ojibwe has been to simply leave
them unattached as separate words, rather than to use hyphens to attach them to their host
words. For example, for the sentence mii go ge-zhi-wawaabishkiganzhiiyan ‘you will
have telltale white spots on your fingernails’, all preverbal elements such as the emphatic
clitic go, tense marker ge ‘future’, relative root izhi ‘and so’, as well as the main verb
wawaabishkiganzhiiyan ‘that you have telltale white spots on your fingernails’ are offset
by hyphens. This is the normal practice, but because I have analyzed go as a clitic (its
full form being igo), I normally adjoin clitics to their hosts with a hyphen, for example,
mii-go rather than mii go. There is some evidence to suggest that such a practice is
warranted. For example, one of my consultants who could write the double vowel
orthography, but who did not utilize hyphens, normally adjoined clitics to their hosts
while also adjoining all tense markers and other preverbal content seamlessly with the
main verb yielding the following arrangement: miigo gezhiwawaabishkiganzhiiyan ‘you
will have telltale white spots on your fingernails’. My consultant’s arrangement shows
that she intuitively prefers to adjoin a clitic such as the emphatic go to its host word mii,
yielding miigo rather than mii go. If a clitic such as the emphatic go appears in its full
form as igo instead, I usually write it as a separate word although my consultant still
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