A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED TO THE FACULTY OF THE ...

positions, such as in Finnish; or as occurring in initial, medial, and final positions, such as
in Italian.
(11) Sentence-initial 19
a) Niuean (Massam, Starks, and Ikiua 2006:197)
mafola, fai nakai he magafaoa haau ne ne fai kitekiteaga hokulo lahi ke
hevagahau Niue tuga e pehē ka ha akoako faiaoga?
‘okay, is there anyone in your family who has an in-depth interest in the Niuean
language, like a pastor, teacher?
b) Spanish (Schwenter 1996:856) 20
mi tía Pepita viene el día 20.
‘My aunt Pepita is coming on the 20 th .
o sea el viernes que viene.
O SEA, next Friday.’
c) Tojolab'al (Brody 1987:512, Torres 2006:616)
Entonse ti = wa yajni jaw = 7i
‘And that’s how it was.’
d) Bulgarian (Tchizmarova 2005:1149)
Xajde stiskajte zăbi ošte malko tam, dano neštata da se opravjat.
‘Come on, hang on in there a bit more, let’s hope things will get better.’
19
Unfortunately, the following examples were not accompanied by word-by-word glosses in their original
sources. I, therefore, could not provide them here.
20
Schwenter states that o sea is a connective and is often translatable as English that is, but because this
translation is not always a felicitous reading for o sea, he leaves o sea untranslated in his examples.
40