Atheism and Theism JJ Haldane - Common Sense Atheism
Atheism and Theism JJ Haldane - Common Sense Atheism
Atheism and Theism JJ Haldane - Common Sense Atheism
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Further Reflections on <strong>Theism</strong> 249<br />
of Amino Acids under Possible Primitive Earth Conditions’, Science, 117, 1953)<br />
pp. 528–9.<br />
3 See A.G. Cairns Smith, Seven Clues to the Origin of Life (Cambridge: Cambridge<br />
University Press, 1985).<br />
4 For a recent scientific account of the general issue of the origin of life see<br />
S. Lifson, ‘On the Crucial Stages in the Origin of Animate Matter’, Journal of<br />
Molecular Evolution, 44, (1997) pp. 1–8.<br />
5 Michael Behe, Darwin’s Black Box: The Biochemical Challenge to Evolution (New<br />
York: Simon <strong>and</strong> Schuster, 1996).<br />
6 See John <strong>Haldane</strong>, ‘The State <strong>and</strong> Fate of Contemporary Philosophy of Mind’,<br />
American Philosophical Quarterly, 37 (2000) pp. 301–11; ‘A Return to Form in<br />
the Philosophy of Mind’, Ratio, 11 (1998) pp. 253–77, <strong>and</strong> in in D. Oderberg<br />
(ed.) Form <strong>and</strong> Matter (Oxford: Blackwell, 1999) pp. 40–64; <strong>and</strong> ‘Rational<br />
<strong>and</strong> Other Animals’, in A. O’Hear (ed.), Verstehen <strong>and</strong> Humane Underst<strong>and</strong>ing<br />
(Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1996) pp. 17–28.<br />
7 For versions of this criticism <strong>and</strong> responses to it (including one by Davidson)<br />
see the collection Mental Causation, edited by John Heil <strong>and</strong> Alfred Mele<br />
(Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1993) <strong>and</strong> for sustained criticism of Davidson’s<br />
position, Jaegwon Kim, Mind in a Physical World (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press,<br />
1998).<br />
8 D. Davidson, ‘Reply to Peter Lanz’, in R. Steoker (ed.) Reflecting Davidson<br />
(Berlin: Walter de Gruyter, 1993), p. 303.<br />
9 L. Wittgenstein, Philosophical Investigations, trans. G.E.M. Anscombe (Oxford:<br />
Blackwell, 1976) Part I, 432.<br />
10 See John <strong>Haldane</strong>, ‘The Life of Signs’, Review of Metaphysics 47 (1994)<br />
pp. 451–70.<br />
11 Thomas Aquinas, Summa Theologiae (London: Burns, Oates & Washbourne,<br />
1912) Ia, q. 2, a. 3, responsio.<br />
12 For an exploration of James’s concern at the spread of ‘teutonic metaphysics’,<br />
see John <strong>Haldane</strong>, ‘American Philosophy: “Scotch” or “Teutonic”?’, Philosophy,<br />
78 (2002) pp. 311–29.<br />
13 See Aquinas, Summa Theologiae Ia, q. 14, a. 2: ‘sense or intellect is other than the<br />
sensible or the intelligible only insofar as they are wholly in a condition of potentiality’.<br />
In other words, the being (sensibly) hot of a hot thing is one <strong>and</strong> the same as<br />
its being felt to be hot by a sensor; <strong>and</strong> the being actual of a universal nature, catness,<br />
say, is one <strong>and</strong> the same as its being thought of by a thinker. The objective<br />
grounds of these are, in the first case, the molecular motion of the object, <strong>and</strong> in<br />
the second one or more individual natures: the catness of Molly or of Salem.<br />
14 Berkeley, The Principles of Human Knowledge in The Works of George Berkeley,<br />
Bishop of Cloyne edited by A.A. Luce <strong>and</strong> T.E. Jessop (Edinburgh: Nelson,<br />
1948–1957) paragraphs 4 <strong>and</strong> 6 (volume 2, pp. 42 <strong>and</strong> 43).<br />
15 Berkeley, Three Dialogues Between Hylas <strong>and</strong> Philonous, The Works, p. 200.<br />
16 Aquinas, Summa Theologiae, Ia, q. 85, a. 2.<br />
17 See Michael Dummett, Truth <strong>and</strong> Other Enigmas (London: Duckworth, 1978);<br />
The Logical Basis of Metaphysics (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press,