turkish phonology and morphology (türkçe ses ve b‹ç‹mb‹lg‹s‹)
turkish phonology and morphology (türkçe ses ve b‹ç‹mb‹lg‹s‹)
turkish phonology and morphology (türkçe ses ve b‹ç‹mb‹lg‹s‹)
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(9)<br />
a. Noun ___ b. ___<br />
Elmay› yedi. Gitti.<br />
Sevgi’yi gördü. Oturdu.<br />
Mektubu yazd›. Uyudu.<br />
The <strong>ve</strong>rb ol- in (10) allows a noun phrase (doktor) or an adjecti<strong>ve</strong> (iyi) as its<br />
subject complement, but söyle- does not. This means that some It is <strong>ve</strong>rbs your turn! can be tested<br />
It is your turn!<br />
using the configuration Adjecti<strong>ve</strong>/Noun ___.<br />
1 1<br />
(10)<br />
Kardeflim doktor oldu.<br />
Kardeflim iyi oldu.<br />
(11) Adjecti<strong>ve</strong> ___ Noun _____ It is your turn!<br />
It is your turn!<br />
a. Baflar›l› oldu. d. Doktor oldu.<br />
3 3<br />
b. Hasta görünüyor. e. Doktordur.<br />
c. Hastad›r. f. Doktormufl.<br />
It is your turn!<br />
It is your turn!<br />
Such restrictions lead to <strong>ve</strong>rbal subcategories which are formed according 4 to<br />
the different sentence structures that <strong>ve</strong>rbs permit. The subcategories these tests<br />
4<br />
ha<strong>ve</strong> generated so far are transiti<strong>ve</strong> <strong>ve</strong>rbs in (9a), intransiti<strong>ve</strong> It is <strong>ve</strong>rbs your turn! in (9b), <strong>and</strong><br />
It is your turn!<br />
copular <strong>ve</strong>rbs in (10&11).<br />
5 5<br />
Explain the ungrammaticality of the following.<br />
A : O çocuk ne yap›yor?<br />
B : *Yiyor.<br />
It is your turn!<br />
Adjecti<strong>ve</strong>s<br />
7<br />
Adjecti<strong>ve</strong>s are like the cream of a cake. E<strong>ve</strong>n if you do not put cream in a cake it<br />
is still a cake, but a naked one. When you dress it with soft <strong>and</strong> rich cream, it<br />
It is your turn!<br />
7<br />
becomes more tasty. Nouns without adjecti<strong>ve</strong>s are naked just It is like your a turn! cake without<br />
It is your turn!<br />
cream. Yes, they look more plain, but they are still nouns. This is what 8 makes<br />
adjecti<strong>ve</strong>s modifiers, <strong>and</strong> therefore optional elements in a noun phrase. Compare<br />
8<br />
ö¤renci <strong>and</strong> çal›flkan ö¤renci. Ö¤renci is a noun phrase It with is your or turn! without the<br />
It is your turn!<br />
adjecti<strong>ve</strong> çal›flkan. So, why do we e<strong>ve</strong>n bother to use adjecti<strong>ve</strong>s? They restrict 9 the<br />
possible referents of a noun in the real world. Ö¤renci alone can refer to any one<br />
9<br />
of, say 25 students in a classroom, but çal›flkan ö¤renci could It is your ha<strong>ve</strong> turn! only one<br />
referent having the property the adjecti<strong>ve</strong> denotes.<br />
10<br />
Adjecti<strong>ve</strong>s can be used either attributi<strong>ve</strong>ly or predicati<strong>ve</strong>ly (see Unit 11 for more).<br />
It is your turn!<br />
10<br />
(12)<br />
a. [Büyük oda] [benim].<br />
b. [Benim odam] [büyük].<br />
Unit 8 - Word Clas<strong>ses</strong><br />
It is your turn!<br />
Büyük in (12a) is an attributi<strong>ve</strong> adjecti<strong>ve</strong> because it is used within a noun<br />
12<br />
phrase to modify that noun. Howe<strong>ve</strong>r in (12b) it is a predicati<strong>ve</strong> adjecti<strong>ve</strong>, since<br />
it is used in the <strong>ve</strong>rb phrase as the complement of the subject.<br />
It is your turn!<br />
12<br />
What is the semantics of adjecti<strong>ve</strong>s used in Turkish? Some It is your adjecti<strong>ve</strong>s turn! may<br />
It is your turn!<br />
denote properties that can ha<strong>ve</strong> varying degrees, <strong>and</strong> therefore they ha<strong>ve</strong> 13gradable 13<br />
145<br />
It is your turn!<br />
It is your turn!<br />
2 2<br />
It is your turn!<br />
It is your turn!<br />
6 6<br />
It is your turn!<br />
It is your turn!<br />
11 11
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