turkish phonology and morphology (türkçe ses ve b‹ç‹mb‹lg‹s‹)

(6) a. kitap
b. kitap-l›k
c. kitap-l›k-lar
d. kitap-l›k-lar-›m
e. kitap-l›k-lar-›m-da
Unit 5 - Morphology: The Wordland
In (6), as we already hinted, the derivational morpheme -lIk is used immediately
after the stem leaving the inflectional morphemes -lAr, -DA, and -(I)m to the right
of it. However, if all occur simultaneously in one word as in (6e) plural marking
comes before person, and the case marker -DA is placed in the final position. In
verbal inflections, too, a predictable order is followed as shown It is your below. turn!
It is your turn!
1 1
(7) a. boya-d›-m c. boya-t-t›-m
b. boya-ma-d›-m d. boya-t-ma-d›-m
It is your turn!
It is your turn!
Examples in (7) show that person marker on the verb is always placed
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in the
final position. Morphemes marking voice such as the caustive -t in (7c, d) precede
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tense markers. Negation precedes tense and person markers It as is your in turn! (7b, d). So the
It is your turn!
permissible order is: causative+negation+tense+person.
3 3
Explain the ungrammaticality of the following.
It is your turn!
It is your turn!
a. *sevgilersiz
b. *sevgiliksiz
4 4
c. *evdelerim
It is your turn!
It is your turn!
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It is important to note that the function of a particular morpleme is not relevant
to only the immediately preceding morpheme. It applies to the entire derived form
5
It is your turn!
to the left of it. For example, The negative morpheme -mA in boyatmad›m negates
It is your turn!
the meaning of boyat- not t- or boya- distinctly. That is, what inhabits 6the scope
of -mA is the entire form to the left of it, not an individual component morpheme
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of the preceding word. Similarly, in a word like temizlenebilir, It is -(y)Abil your turn! is relevant
It is your turn!
to temizlen, not only to -(A)n; -(I)r applies to temizlenebil, not only to 7-(y) Abil,
and the zero (ø) person implies a third person singular subject for temizlenebilir.
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So, in general, we can say that each suffix takes the preceding It is your stem turn! as the scope
It is your turn!
of its semantic and syntactic material. This type of relationship can be 8shown as
follows:
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It is your turn!
temiz -le -n -ebil -ir - ø 10
It is your turn!
Figure It 5.2 is your turn!
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The above diagram illustrates that auter layers of words are formed by
inflectional morphemes. Inner layers, on the other hand, are formed It is your by turn! derivational
It is your turn!
morphemes. As a result, the relative order of suffixes can reflect 12semantic differences since “each added element determines the form of the whole anew.”
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(Sapir, 1921:127): simitçilik vs simitlikçi, doktorlard›r vs doktordurlar.
It is your turn!
It is your turn!
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69
It is your turn!
10
It is your turn!
It is your turn!
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