turkish phonology and morphology (türkçe ses ve b‹ç‹mb‹lg‹s‹)

More documents

Recommendations

Info

2TURKISH PHONOLOGY AND MORPHOLOGY (TÜRKÇE SES VE B‹Ç‹M B‹LG‹S‹) Aims � � � � � � In this unit we will try to seek answers to the following questions: How are consonants produced? What are voiced and voiceless sounds? What are the different places of articulation? What are the different manners of articulation? How are consonants described? What are the allophonic variations of Turkish consonants? Key Words • consonants • vocal tract • oral tract • nasal tract • oral sounds • nasal sounds Contents Turkish Phonology and Morphology (Türkçe Ses ve Biçim Bilgisi) Turkish Consonants • voicing • places of articulation • manner of articulation • allophones of Turkish consonants • INTRODUCTION • CONSONANT PRODUCTION • CONSONANT DESCRIPTION • ALLOPHONES OF TURKISH CONSONANTS
Turkish Consonants INTRODUCTION Why is it that in a crossword puzzle, it is easier to guess the word when only the consonants of a word emerge rather than when only the vowels emerge? For example, can you guess what the following Turkish word are? k - rt - nk - l - › - › - - - We use letters as a shorthand description of sounds. When we see the letter ‘m’ for example, we know to close our mouth by putting both lips together and letting the air out only from the nose. We know to fix our vocal cords in such a way so that there is vocal cord vibration. In other words, we know what the sound the letter ‘m’ represents. In this unit, we will learn to describe consonants that occur in Turkish. CONSONANT PRODUCTION Consonants are produced by blocking the air partially or completely in the vocal tract. Therefore, when consonants are described in terms of articulation, reference is made to where in the vocal tract these sounds are produced and which articulators are involved in producing these sounds. Before describing consonants then, let us describe the vocal tract and the articulators that are involved in the production of speech sounds. The Vocal Tract The air passage above the larynx is known as the vocal tract. There are two cavities within the vocal tract: Oral tract and nasal tract. The two tracts, or cavities are illustrated in Figure 2.1. To produce some sounds, the air is let out of the oral tract or the mouth while for others, the air is let out of the nasal tract or the nose. If the air is let out of the mouth, then those sounds are called oral sounds. If the air is let out of the nose, then those sounds are called nasal sounds.
Page 1 and 2: T.C. ANADOLU ÜN‹VERS‹TES‹ YA
Page 3 and 4: Contents Why Study Sounds?.........
Page 5 and 6: Grammatical Categories ............
Page 7 and 8: Kitapla ilgili olarak eminim hepini
Page 9 and 10: Why Study Sounds? INTRODUCTION Lang
Page 11 and 12: [s] /s/ [z] [´z] The differences i
Page 13 and 14: • Speaker-based description • A
Page 15 and 16: Summary It is through the use of la
Page 17 and 18: “ Turkish Alive Examine the follo
Page 19: Key to “It is your turn!” It is
Page 23 and 24: Unit 2 - Turkish Consonants The dif
Page 25 and 26: Unit 2 - Turkish Consonants Places
Page 27 and 28: Unit 2 - Turkish Consonants produce
Page 29 and 30: s h l tS R d Unit 2 - Turkish Conso
Page 31 and 32: The necessary condition for /n/ bec
Page 33 and 34: Summary The production of consonant
Page 35 and 36: Turkish Alive Transcribe the conson
Page 38 and 39: 3TURKISH PHONOLOGY AND MORPHOLOGY (
Page 40 and 41: 34 Turkish Phonology and Morphology
Page 42 and 43: It is your turn! It is your turn! 1
Page 44 and 45: 38 Figure 3.4 English Vowels Turkis
Page 48 and 49: 42 Summary Turkish Phonology and Mo
Page 50 and 51: 44 Turkish Alive Turkish Phonology
Page 52 and 53: 4TURKISH PHONOLOGY AND MORPHOLOGY (
Page 62 and 63: 56 Self-test Turkish Phonology and
Page 64: 58 Turkish Phonology and Morphology
Page 67 and 68: Morphology: The Wordland INTRODUCTI
Page 69 and 70: When you compare the syllable and m
Page 71 and 72:
Unit 5 - Morphology: The Wordland a
Page 73 and 74:
white arrow. This takes us to the n
Page 75 and 76:
(6) a. kitap b. kitap-l›k c. kita
Page 77 and 78:
The Morpheme Marking Definite Past
Page 79 and 80:
Self-test 1. Which one of the follo
Page 81 and 82:
Adal›, O. (1979). Türkiye Türk
Page 83 and 84:
Evidently, the morpheme /-AlA/ has
Page 85 and 86:
Word-Formation Processes INTRODUCTI
Page 87 and 88:
derived stem denominal nominal deve
Page 89 and 90:
falan), haber maber (haber falan),
Page 91 and 92:
It is your turn! Though relatively
Page 93 and 94:
Unit 6 - Word-Formation Processes (
Page 95 and 96:
Unit 6 - Word-Formation Processes B
Page 97 and 98:
Summary In this chapter we have loo
Page 99 and 100:
Turkish Alive Read the article by C
Page 101 and 102:
Key to “It is your turn!” It is
Page 103 and 104:
Grammatical Categories INTRODUCTION
Page 105 and 106:
Non-Plural Functions of -lAr Unit 7
Page 107 and 108:
(1) a. Serhat’› kurtard›lar.
Page 109 and 110:
We know that proper nouns and prono
Page 111 and 112:
The Locative Case -DA The locative
Page 113 and 114:
subjective genitive çocu¤un a¤la
Page 115 and 116:
It is your turn! It is your turn! I
Page 117 and 118:
Do we always talk about facts? Past
Page 119 and 120:
Unit 7 - Grammatical Categories The
Page 121 and 122:
-mIfl has another evidential functi
Page 123 and 124:
TIME LINE X G ü n e fl d o ¤ u d
Page 125 and 126:
It is your turn! veriyor suggest th
Page 127 and 128:
of appropriate adverbials: Sak›n
Page 129 and 130:
Restrictions on Impersonal Passives
Page 131 and 132:
In (33a) there are two participants
Page 133 and 134:
Summary 1. How many different categ
Page 135 and 136:
“ Turkish Alive “(1) Türk yön
Page 137 and 138:
markers. -lAr is the plural morphem
Page 140 and 141:
8TURKISH PHONOLOGY AND MORPHOLOGY (
Page 142 and 143:
136 Turkish Phonology and Morpholog
Page 144 and 145:
Page 146 and 147:
Page 148 and 149:
142 It is your turn! It is your tur
Page 150 and 151:
1 1 It is your turn! It is your tur
Page 152 and 153:
Page 154 and 155:
It is your turn! It is your turn! 1
Page 156 and 157:
Page 158 and 159:
Page 160 and 161:
Page 162 and 163:
Page 164 and 165:
158 Self-test Turkish Phonology and
Page 166 and 167:
160 References & Bibliography Turki
Page 168 and 169:
It is your turn! It is your turn! I
Page 170 and 171:
164 Unit 5 Turkish Phonology and Mo
Page 172 and 173:
Page 174 and 175:
Page 176 and 177:
Page 178 and 179:
Page 180 and 181:
174 V Turkish Phonology and Morphol
Page 182:
176 T Turkish Phonology and Morphol
show all

turkish phonology and morphology (türkçe ses ve b‹ç‹mb‹lg‹s‹)

You also want an ePaper? Increase the reach of your titles

Delete template?

Save as template?