turkish phonology and morphology (türkçe ses ve b‹ç‹mb‹lg‹s‹)

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3TURKISH PHONOLOGY AND MORPHOLOGY (TÜRKÇE SES VE B‹Ç‹M B‹LG‹S‹) Aims � � � � � � � In this unit we will try to seek answers to the following questions: How are vowels produced? How are vowels described? What is height in vowels? What is backness in vowels? What is rounding in vowels? How are vowels described? What are the allophonic variations of Turkish vowels? Key Words • vowels • height • backness • rounding • high vowels • mid vowels • low vowels Contents Turkish Phonology and Morphology (Türkçe Ses ve Biçim Bilgisi) Turkish Vowels • front vowels • central vowels • back vowels • rounded vowels • unrounded vowels • allophones of Turkish vowels • INTRODUCTION • VOWEL PRODUCTION • VOWEL DESCRIPTION • HEIGHT • BACKNESS • ROUNDING • ALLOPHONES OF TURKISH VOWELS
Turkish Vowels INTRODUCTION Can you form a syllable with only consonants? Can ‘z’ for example, be a syllable by itself? Why not? Can ‘a’ be a syllable? Yes; a-i-le. What is the difference between consonants and vowels that allows vowels to form a syllable? Production of vowels is different from that of consonants. In consonant production there is a constriction somewhere in the vocal tract. Thus consonants are defined in terms of where and how this constriction occurs. In vowel production there is no constriction. The air flows through the vocal tract relatively freely. Then, how do we describe vowels? This unit focuses on vowels – how vowels are produced and how vowels are described. Specifically, the focus is, of course, on Turkish vowels. VOWEL PRODUCTION Unlike consonants, in the production of vowels, the airstream is not obstructed in any way. The air flows freely through the vocal tract. Vowel production is a continuum whereby there are no clear boundaries of tongue position for different vowels. Because vowel production is a continuum, it is possible to produce different vowels between any two vowels. Produce the vowels represented with the letters ‘i’ then move gradually to ‘›’. Make each vowel as long as possible. As you move gradually from ‘i’ to ‘›’ you should produce vowels between these two vowels. Now try the reverse: Begin with ‘›’ then move gradually to ‘i’. Again stop as long as possible on the vowels and in between. Notice that the movement from one vowel to another changes the auditory quality of vowels. The change in the quality of the vowels is a result of the movement of the tongue and the lips. How the tongue moves exactly to produce different vowels however is not very clear. Say the sounds ‘a’, ‘o’, and ‘i’. Can you tell where your tongue is for each of the vowels? You probably cannot with certainty. That is because there are no distinct boundaries of tongue position when producing vowels as there are in consonant production. In describing consonants, a distinction between voiced and voiceless was necessary as voicing is the only distinction for some consonants produced at the same place and in the same manner. For vowels such a distinction is not necessary as by definition all vowels are voiced.
Page 1 and 2: T.C. ANADOLU ÜN‹VERS‹TES‹ YA
Page 3 and 4: Contents Why Study Sounds?.........
Page 5 and 6: Grammatical Categories ............
Page 7 and 8: Kitapla ilgili olarak eminim hepini
Page 9 and 10: Why Study Sounds? INTRODUCTION Lang
Page 11 and 12: [s] /s/ [z] [´z] The differences i
Page 13 and 14: • Speaker-based description • A
Page 15 and 16: Summary It is through the use of la
Page 17 and 18: “ Turkish Alive Examine the follo
Page 19 and 20: Key to “It is your turn!” It is
Page 21 and 22: Turkish Consonants INTRODUCTION Why
Page 23 and 24: Unit 2 - Turkish Consonants The dif
Page 25 and 26: Unit 2 - Turkish Consonants Places
Page 27 and 28: Unit 2 - Turkish Consonants produce
Page 29 and 30: s h l tS R d Unit 2 - Turkish Conso
Page 31 and 32: The necessary condition for /n/ bec
Page 33 and 34: Summary The production of consonant
Page 35 and 36: Turkish Alive Transcribe the conson
Page 40 and 41: 34 Turkish Phonology and Morphology
Page 42 and 43: It is your turn! It is your turn! 1
Page 44 and 45: 38 Figure 3.4 English Vowels Turkis
Page 48 and 49: 42 Summary Turkish Phonology and Mo
Page 50 and 51: 44 Turkish Alive Turkish Phonology
Page 52 and 53: 4TURKISH PHONOLOGY AND MORPHOLOGY (
Page 62 and 63: 56 Self-test Turkish Phonology and
Page 64: 58 Turkish Phonology and Morphology
Page 67 and 68: Morphology: The Wordland INTRODUCTI
Page 69 and 70: When you compare the syllable and m
Page 71 and 72: Unit 5 - Morphology: The Wordland a
Page 73 and 74: white arrow. This takes us to the n
Page 75 and 76: (6) a. kitap b. kitap-l›k c. kita
Page 77 and 78: The Morpheme Marking Definite Past
Page 79 and 80: Self-test 1. Which one of the follo
Page 81 and 82: Adal›, O. (1979). Türkiye Türk
Page 83 and 84: Evidently, the morpheme /-AlA/ has
Page 85 and 86: Word-Formation Processes INTRODUCTI
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derived stem denominal nominal deve
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falan), haber maber (haber falan),
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It is your turn! Though relatively
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Unit 6 - Word-Formation Processes (
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Unit 6 - Word-Formation Processes B
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Summary In this chapter we have loo
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Turkish Alive Read the article by C
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Key to “It is your turn!” It is
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Grammatical Categories INTRODUCTION
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Non-Plural Functions of -lAr Unit 7
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(1) a. Serhat’› kurtard›lar.
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We know that proper nouns and prono
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The Locative Case -DA The locative
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subjective genitive çocu¤un a¤la
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It is your turn! It is your turn! I
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Do we always talk about facts? Past
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Unit 7 - Grammatical Categories The
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-mIfl has another evidential functi
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TIME LINE X G ü n e fl d o ¤ u d
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It is your turn! veriyor suggest th
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of appropriate adverbials: Sak›n
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Restrictions on Impersonal Passives
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In (33a) there are two participants
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Summary 1. How many different categ
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“ Turkish Alive “(1) Türk yön
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markers. -lAr is the plural morphem
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8TURKISH PHONOLOGY AND MORPHOLOGY (
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136 Turkish Phonology and Morpholog
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142 It is your turn! It is your tur
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1 1 It is your turn! It is your tur
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It is your turn! It is your turn! 1
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158 Self-test Turkish Phonology and
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160 References & Bibliography Turki
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It is your turn! It is your turn! I
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164 Unit 5 Turkish Phonology and Mo
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174 V Turkish Phonology and Morphol
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176 T Turkish Phonology and Morphol
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turkish phonology and morphology (türkçe ses ve b‹ç‹mb‹lg‹s‹)

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