turkish phonology and morphology (türkçe ses ve b‹ç‹mb‹lg‹s‹)

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6TURKISH PHONOLOGY AND MORPHOLOGY (TÜRKÇE SES VE B‹Ç‹M B‹LG‹S‹) Aims � � � � � � � � � � � � � In this unit we will try to seek answers to the following questions: What is derivation? What is compounding? What is onomatopoeia? What is conversion? What is borrowing? What is coinage? What is semantic change? What is metaphorical extension? What is clipping? What is blending? What is an acronym? What is backformation? What is a multiple process? Key Words • derivation • compounding • onomatopoeia • conversion • borrowing • coinage • semantic change Contents Turkish Phonology and Morphology (Türkçe Ses ve Biçim Bilgisi) Word-Formation Processes • metaphorical extension • clipping • blending • acronyms • backformation • multiple process • INTRODUCTION • WORD FORMATION PROCESSES
Word-Formation Processes INTRODUCTION During the Selçuklu and Ottoman times in Anatolia, it was considered utterly important to maintain a high standard in craftsmanship. Therefore, as a quality control mechanism, inspectors called yi¤itbafllar› would be appointed by the Ahi Organization (Chamber of Tradesmen) to report the administration malpractice in their district. In addition to being charged depending on the nature of the crime, the guilty would also be subject to large publicity. For example, when charged for fraud, the shoes of a shoe-maker would conventionally be thrown out by the inspecting team on the roof of his shop, and be left there to decay. Whoever saw the shoes on the roof would know that the owner was involved in dishonest conduct. This folk story inspired a new expression papucu dama at›lmak which since then has been used to refer to someone who has lost prestige (Korkmaz, 1995: 292). Change, like with everything else, is inevitable in language as well. Turkish spoken in ‹stanbul today is strikingly different from Turkish spoken five centuries ago. Numbers of new words have been formed by productive word formation processes and added to the word stock of the language while some unproductive ones had dropped out. This chapter is devoted to describing such means of lexical innovation employed in Turkish In Unit 5, we discussed how words are structured in Turkish. In doing so, we focused on the already existing words and defined the form of these words. But there are also new derivations, new combinations of words, and novel words that are constantly added to the lexicon. For example, the expression in our story papucu dama at›lmak was new at the time it was created. Similarly, words such as bilgisayar, iletiflim, gökdelen, telefon are novel as they did not even exist in the century papucu dama at›lmak was created. Science and technology is constantly changing our understanding of reality. Therefore, we are in constant need of finding new words to pair with these new meanings. Do you remember the property of duality in language? There are two layers of linguistic organization: sound and meaning. When a new meaning emerges, a new sound sequence is necessary to represent this meaning. For example, when the computer was brought into our culture as a new dimension in our lives, we felt that we had a new-born baby to name, so we called it bilgisayar. But how do we create new words? Change in language can be of two type: evolution and revolution. Evolution is a
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T.C. ANADOLU ÜN‹VERS‹TES‹ YA
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Contents Why Study Sounds?.........
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Grammatical Categories ............
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Kitapla ilgili olarak eminim hepini
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Why Study Sounds? INTRODUCTION Lang
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[s] /s/ [z] [´z] The differences i
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• Speaker-based description • A
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Summary It is through the use of la
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“ Turkish Alive Examine the follo
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Key to “It is your turn!” It is
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Turkish Consonants INTRODUCTION Why
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Unit 2 - Turkish Consonants The dif
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Unit 2 - Turkish Consonants Places
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Unit 2 - Turkish Consonants produce
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s h l tS R d Unit 2 - Turkish Conso
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The necessary condition for /n/ bec
Page 33 and 34: Summary The production of consonant
Page 35 and 36: Turkish Alive Transcribe the conson
Page 38 and 39: 3TURKISH PHONOLOGY AND MORPHOLOGY (
Page 40 and 41: 34 Turkish Phonology and Morphology
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Page 44 and 45: 38 Figure 3.4 English Vowels Turkis
Page 48 and 49: 42 Summary Turkish Phonology and Mo
Page 50 and 51: 44 Turkish Alive Turkish Phonology
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Page 62 and 63: 56 Self-test Turkish Phonology and
Page 64: 58 Turkish Phonology and Morphology
Page 67 and 68: Morphology: The Wordland INTRODUCTI
Page 69 and 70: When you compare the syllable and m
Page 71 and 72: Unit 5 - Morphology: The Wordland a
Page 73 and 74: white arrow. This takes us to the n
Page 75 and 76: (6) a. kitap b. kitap-l›k c. kita
Page 77 and 78: The Morpheme Marking Definite Past
Page 79 and 80: Self-test 1. Which one of the follo
Page 81 and 82: Adal›, O. (1979). Türkiye Türk
Page 83: Evidently, the morpheme /-AlA/ has
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Page 89 and 90: falan), haber maber (haber falan),
Page 91 and 92: It is your turn! Though relatively
Page 93 and 94: Unit 6 - Word-Formation Processes (
Page 95 and 96: Unit 6 - Word-Formation Processes B
Page 97 and 98: Summary In this chapter we have loo
Page 99 and 100: Turkish Alive Read the article by C
Page 101 and 102: Key to “It is your turn!” It is
Page 103 and 104: Grammatical Categories INTRODUCTION
Page 105 and 106: Non-Plural Functions of -lAr Unit 7
Page 107 and 108: (1) a. Serhat’› kurtard›lar.
Page 109 and 110: We know that proper nouns and prono
Page 111 and 112: The Locative Case -DA The locative
Page 113 and 114: subjective genitive çocu¤un a¤la
Page 115 and 116: It is your turn! It is your turn! I
Page 117 and 118: Do we always talk about facts? Past
Page 119 and 120: Unit 7 - Grammatical Categories The
Page 121 and 122: -mIfl has another evidential functi
Page 123 and 124: TIME LINE X G ü n e fl d o ¤ u d
Page 125 and 126: It is your turn! veriyor suggest th
Page 127 and 128: of appropriate adverbials: Sak›n
Page 129 and 130: Restrictions on Impersonal Passives
Page 131 and 132: In (33a) there are two participants
Page 133 and 134: Summary 1. How many different categ
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“ Turkish Alive “(1) Türk yön
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markers. -lAr is the plural morphem
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8TURKISH PHONOLOGY AND MORPHOLOGY (
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136 Turkish Phonology and Morpholog
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142 It is your turn! It is your tur
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1 1 It is your turn! It is your tur
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It is your turn! It is your turn! 1
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158 Self-test Turkish Phonology and
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160 References & Bibliography Turki
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It is your turn! It is your turn! I
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164 Unit 5 Turkish Phonology and Mo
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174 V Turkish Phonology and Morphol
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176 T Turkish Phonology and Morphol
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turkish phonology and morphology (türkçe ses ve b‹ç‹mb‹lg‹s‹)

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