turkish phonology and morphology (türkçe ses ve b‹ç‹mb‹lg‹s‹)

It is your turn!
It is your turn!
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It is your turn!
It is your turn!
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Turkish Phonology and Morphology (Türkçe Ses ve Biçim Bilgisi)
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It is your turn!
It is your turn!
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Criteria for Adjectivehood
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3 Semantic 3 Criteria
The most typical members of the category adjective are used to denote properties
that can be It possessed is your turn! in varying degrees. The most salient properties are known
4 as size, shape, 4 color, age, taste, smell, texture, evaluation. Examples for each are
büyük oda, kare oda, mavi oda, eski oda, ac› biber, burcu koku, kal›n kumafl,
güzel oda respectively.
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Morphological Criteria
Adjectives are not marked inflectionally in Turkish. A special case of degree
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specification in gradable adjectives is expressed analytically, not inflectionally, by
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means of degree adverbs daha and en as in daha güzel, en güzel. In comparative
constructions daha can in fact be used optionally: benden daha uzun and benden
uzun are both It is your acceptable. turn! Other degree adverbs are oldukça, pek, fazla, fazlas›yla,
7 o kadar, 7ne.
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Does mi in güzel It is your mi turn! güzel mark comparison?
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In terms of derivational morphology, however, the catgory is marked by a
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number of derivational morphemes such as -lI (sakall›), -CIl (insanc›l), -(I)msI
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(ac›ms›), -(I)mtrak (sar›mt›rak), -sAl (bilimsel). These are some examples deriving
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adjectives from nouns. There are also morphemes that derive adjectives from
verbs such as -Gan (al›ngan), -GIn (piflkin).
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Another special case about adjectives is the derivation called reduplication
(See Unit 106
for more). The first syllable of an adjective can be doubled and then
one of the consonants p, m, s, or r is either added to it or is used to replace the
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last consonant It is your of turn! it. This is done to intensify the meaning of the adjective: apaç›k,
11 bembeyaz, 11 upuzun, yusyuvarlak (see Unit 6 for more).
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Distributional Criteria
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Adjectives function as the head of an adjective phrase such as güzel in oldukça
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güzel. Adjective phrases can be used as pre-head modifiers (16a), as predicative
complements (16b), and rarely as post-head modifiers (16c).
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13 (16) 13
a. sinirli k›z
b. k›z sinirli c. Radyo 1
sinirli oldu Kanal D
onu sinirli buluyorum Kat 1
The prototypical adjective occur in all of these positions, but peripheral
members are restricted to only one or two of them, and excluded from the rest.
So, the distributional test for the core members of the category is ___ (bir) Noun
as exemplified in iyi (bir) çocuk, güzel (bir) ev, sakin (bir) flehir. This is the so
called attributive position of adjectives. Another position for adjectives is the
position preceding the copular verbs such as ol- and görün-: ___V copular Some
examples are çocuk iyi, ev güzel, flehir sakin, güzel oldu, güzel görünüyor.
Adjectives may also follow degree adverbs as in çok tatl›, biraz ac›, hafif s›cak,