turkish phonology and morphology (türkçe ses ve b‹ç‹mb‹lg‹s‹)
turkish phonology and morphology (türkçe ses ve b‹ç‹mb‹lg‹s‹)
turkish phonology and morphology (türkçe ses ve b‹ç‹mb‹lg‹s‹)
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It is your turn!<br />
Though relati<strong>ve</strong>ly less common, <strong>ve</strong>rbs are used to form new nouns: yapboz,<br />
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yap-ifllet-devret, çekyat, gelgit, so are clau<strong>ses</strong>: dedikodu. Noun yielding frozen<br />
forms which consist of nouns followed by <strong>ve</strong>rbs (NOUN+VERB) are also possible.<br />
It is your turn!<br />
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It is your turn!<br />
They are called frozen forms because of the high restrictions on their combinability<br />
It is your turn!<br />
possibilities: imambay›ld›, but not *imambay›l›r or *kad›nbay›ld›; külbast›, 3 but not<br />
*külbasmaz or *tülbast›. They cannot be analyzed, neither can they be used<br />
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systematically <strong>and</strong> producti<strong>ve</strong>ly with other parallel forms. It Therefore, is your turn! they are<br />
It is your turn!<br />
considered to be frozen forms.<br />
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Which of the following is/are endocentric <strong>and</strong> which exocentric? Why? It is your turn!<br />
de<strong>ve</strong>taban›, atl›kar›nca, ilkö¤retim, aç›kgöz<br />
It is your turn!<br />
It is your turn!<br />
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Unit 6 - Word-Formation Proces<strong>ses</strong><br />
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85<br />
It is your turn!<br />
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Verbal Compounds<br />
It is your turn!<br />
A special case of <strong>ve</strong>rbal compound is called noun incorporation which 6 invol<strong>ve</strong>s<br />
compounding of a noun stem or an adjecti<strong>ve</strong> <strong>and</strong> a <strong>ve</strong>rb. In this process, the<br />
nominal element of the <strong>ve</strong>rb <strong>and</strong> the <strong>ve</strong>rb itself fuse to form It a is semantically your turn! more<br />
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complex <strong>ve</strong>rb (Bybee, 1985: 105). The ability of a noun to enter into incorporation<br />
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depends on the relevancy of that noun to the <strong>ve</strong>rb. Bybee explains It is your this turn! by referring<br />
to Sapir’s arguments claiming that activities <strong>and</strong> objects that are conjoined in<br />
It is your turn! 1<br />
experience are expressed by incorporation; whereas, “accidental” activities are<br />
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expressed by <strong>ve</strong>rbs with independent nouns. For example, in bal›k tutmak <strong>and</strong><br />
It is your turn!<br />
kitap okumak the incorpated nouns bal›k <strong>and</strong> kitap are considered to be a part of<br />
It is your turn! 2<br />
the <strong>ve</strong>rb. These nouns build up the meaning of the <strong>ve</strong>rbs tutmak <strong>and</strong> okumak:<br />
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bal›k tutmak ‘fish catching’ as opposed to, say, el tutmak ‘h<strong>and</strong> holding’, <strong>and</strong> kitap<br />
It is your turn!<br />
okumak ‘book reading’ as opposed to, say, mektup okumak ‘letter reading’ or<br />
dergi okumak ‘magazine reading’. These indicate general activities, It is your turn! so the<br />
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nouns<br />
are generic in reference. Other examples include gazete okumak, banyo 10yapmak,<br />
alay etmek, yemek yemek, piflman olmak (examples from Kornfilt, It is your 1997: turn! 477, 478).<br />
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Noun incorporation may sometimes go beyond a simple It is your turn! compositional 4 4<br />
organization, <strong>and</strong> display a more idiomatic one (Gerdts, 2002: 84). For 11example, atefl püskürmek does not mean ‘to blow out fire’, but rather figurati<strong>ve</strong>ly It is your turn! ‘to be(come)<br />
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furious’.<br />
It is your turn! 5 5<br />
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Find examples of neologisms added to the lexicon that are made up It is of your NV turn! compounds.<br />
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It is your turn!<br />
Verbal compounds consisting of two <strong>ve</strong>rbs (V+V) are also possible. These are<br />
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called double-<strong>ve</strong>rb constructions which are composed of It a is lexical your turn! <strong>ve</strong>rb <strong>and</strong> a<br />
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post<strong>ve</strong>rb or a pre<strong>ve</strong>rb forming a single unit (Csato, 2003: 105-109). They 7are of two<br />
types: subordinati<strong>ve</strong> <strong>and</strong> coordinati<strong>ve</strong>. Subordinati<strong>ve</strong> constructions can be made<br />
up of a con<strong>ve</strong>rb of the lexical <strong>ve</strong>rb followed by a post<strong>ve</strong>rb as shown in Table 6.3.<br />
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It is your turn!<br />
It is your turn!<br />
It is your turn!<br />
It is your turn!<br />
It is your turn!<br />
It is your turn!<br />
It is your turn!<br />
It is your turn!<br />
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It is your turn!<br />
It is your turn!<br />
It is your turn!<br />
It is your turn!<br />
It is your turn!<br />
It is your turn!<br />
It is your turn!<br />
It is your turn!<br />
It is your turn!<br />
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It is your turn!<br />
It is your turn!<br />
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It is your turn!<br />
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It is your turn!<br />
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It is your turn!<br />
It is your turn!<br />
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It is your turn! It is your turn!
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