turkish phonology and morphology (türkçe ses ve b‹ç‹mb‹lg‹s‹)

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5TURKISH PHONOLOGY AND MORPHOLOGY (TÜRKÇE SES VE B‹Ç‹M B‹LG‹S‹) Aims � � � � � In this unit we will try to seek answers to the following questions: What is morphology? What is a morpheme? How are morphemes classified? How are words structured in Turkish? What is an allomorph? Key Words • morphology • morpheme • free morpheme • bound morpheme Contents Turkish Phonology and Morphology (Türkçe Ses ve Biçim Bilgisi) Morplology: The Wordland • derivational morpheme • inflectional morpheme • morpheme ordering • allomorphy • INTRODUCTION • MORPHOLOGY • THE STRUCTURE OF WORDS • ORGANIZING PRINCIPLES OF TURKISH MORPHOLOGY
Morphology: The Wordland INTRODUCTION Morphology is the land of words, and the morpheme, as the building structure of words, the sovereign. The wordland in the human mind is called the lexicon. An understanding of words stored in the lexicon involves an understanding of the rules that govern the formation of words, similarities and differences in the behavior of words, and the function of words. Why is karfl›l›ks›z acceptable, but sevgiliksiz outrageous? What makes evdeler different from evlerde? Why is evdemler terrible, but dedemler perfectly fine? Wonders of the wordland are infinite, and understanding them is just like a process of the mind’s awakening from inattention to linguistic organization. In this process, the tools of morphology make it possible to become well-informed about the origins and structure of words as well as the systematicity behind how they are formen and understood by native speakers. MORPHOLOGY Morphology is a sub-field of linguistics. It focuses on how words are composed and organized in human language. Therefore, a study of morphology reflects the contents of the mind related to the formal and semantic composition of words. What does this mean? A vivid memory of mine may serve useful here to explain my point. One day, my smart 3 year-old nephew, Gürkan, grabbed a book from my book case and asked me to read it to him. It was a story book written in English, a language which he did not speak, of course. I felt very much up to playing a trick, so I started to read it in English. While reading, I looked at his face from time to time to see his reaction. He was just looking at me and listening very carefully and patiently. I went on and on. When I finished reading three or four pages, his older sister Ecem came into the room. As soon as he saw her, he got up, ran to me, grabbed the book from me, gave it to Ecem and said, ‘Abla, al flunu sen oku, teyzem hep yanl›fl okuyo!’’ What is it that Gürkan, or any child for that matter, knows about language to have him react in this way? What kind of formal linguistic knowledge enables him to form, say, the sentence he formed? First, he has knowledge of the sounds and the sound system of his native language. When he heard a sample of a foreign language spoken to him, he considered it wrong. It was “wrong” because it did not fit in the sound sytem of his language stored in his mind. He knows what sounds and in what order make
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T.C. ANADOLU ÜN‹VERS‹TES‹ YA
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Contents Why Study Sounds?.........
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Grammatical Categories ............
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Kitapla ilgili olarak eminim hepini
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Why Study Sounds? INTRODUCTION Lang
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[s] /s/ [z] [´z] The differences i
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• Speaker-based description • A
Page 15 and 16: Summary It is through the use of la
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Page 21 and 22: Turkish Consonants INTRODUCTION Why
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Page 33 and 34: Summary The production of consonant
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Page 40 and 41: 34 Turkish Phonology and Morphology
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Page 44 and 45: 38 Figure 3.4 English Vowels Turkis
Page 48 and 49: 42 Summary Turkish Phonology and Mo
Page 50 and 51: 44 Turkish Alive Turkish Phonology
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Page 62 and 63: 56 Self-test Turkish Phonology and
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Page 71 and 72: Unit 5 - Morphology: The Wordland a
Page 73 and 74: white arrow. This takes us to the n
Page 75 and 76: (6) a. kitap b. kitap-l›k c. kita
Page 77 and 78: The Morpheme Marking Definite Past
Page 79 and 80: Self-test 1. Which one of the follo
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Page 97 and 98: Summary In this chapter we have loo
Page 99 and 100: Turkish Alive Read the article by C
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Page 103 and 104: Grammatical Categories INTRODUCTION
Page 105 and 106: Non-Plural Functions of -lAr Unit 7
Page 107 and 108: (1) a. Serhat’› kurtard›lar.
Page 109 and 110: We know that proper nouns and prono
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Page 113 and 114: subjective genitive çocu¤un a¤la
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It is your turn! It is your turn! I
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Do we always talk about facts? Past
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Unit 7 - Grammatical Categories The
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-mIfl has another evidential functi
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TIME LINE X G ü n e fl d o ¤ u d
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It is your turn! veriyor suggest th
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of appropriate adverbials: Sak›n
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Restrictions on Impersonal Passives
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In (33a) there are two participants
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Summary 1. How many different categ
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“ Turkish Alive “(1) Türk yön
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markers. -lAr is the plural morphem
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8TURKISH PHONOLOGY AND MORPHOLOGY (
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136 Turkish Phonology and Morpholog
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142 It is your turn! It is your tur
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1 1 It is your turn! It is your tur
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It is your turn! It is your turn! 1
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158 Self-test Turkish Phonology and
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160 References & Bibliography Turki
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It is your turn! It is your turn! I
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164 Unit 5 Turkish Phonology and Mo
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174 V Turkish Phonology and Morphol
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176 T Turkish Phonology and Morphol
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turkish phonology and morphology (türkçe ses ve b‹ç‹mb‹lg‹s‹)

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