turkish phonology and morphology (türkçe ses ve b‹ç‹mb‹lg‹s‹)

Contents
Why Study Sounds?................................................................. 2
INTRODUCTION ....................................................................................... 3
PHONETICS AND PHONOLOGY ............................................................ 3
THE SPEECH CHAIN ................................................................................ 6
SOUND vs. LETTER .................................................................................. 7
Summary .................................................................................................... 9
Self-test ....................................................................................................... 10
Turkish Alive ............................................................................................. 11
References ................................................................................................. 12
Key to “it is your turn” ............................................................................. 13
Turkish Consonants ................................................................ 14
INTRODUCTION ....................................................................................... 15
CONSONANT PRODUCTION ................................................................... 15
The Vocal Tract ........................................................................................ 15
CONSONANT DESCRIPTION ................................................................... 18
Voicing ...................................................................................................... 18
Places of Articulation ................................................................................ 19
Manners of Articulation ............................................................................ 20
ALLOPHONES OF TURKISH CONSONANTS ......................................... 24
Summary .................................................................................................... 27
Self-test ..................................................................................................... 28
Turkish Alive ............................................................................................. 29
References ................................................................................................. 30
Key to “it is your turn” ............................................................................. 30
Turkish Vowels ........................................................................ 32
INTRODUCTION ....................................................................................... 33
VOWEL PRODUCTION ............................................................................. 33
VOWEL DESCRIPTION ............................................................................. 34
HEIGHT ...................................................................................................... 35
BACKNESS ................................................................................................. 36
ROUNDING ................................................................................................ 36
DIPHTHONGS................................................................................................ 39
ALLOPHONES OF TURKISH VOWELS .................................................... 40
Summary .................................................................................................... 42
Self-test ..................................................................................................... 43
Turkish Alive ............................................................................................. 44
References ................................................................................................. 44
Key to “it is your turn” ............................................................................. 45
Phonological Processes in Turkish ...................................... 46
INTRODUCTION ....................................................................................... 47
PHONOLOGY ............................................................................................ 47
FINAL DEVOICING ................................................................................... 48
ASSIMILATION ........................................................................................... 51
Place of Articulation Assimilation ............................................................ 51
Voicing Assimilation ................................................................................. 52
VOWEL HARMONY ................................................................................... 53
Summary .................................................................................................... 55
Self-test ..................................................................................................... 56
‹çindekiler iii
UNIT 1
UNIT 2
UNIT 3
UNIT 4