turkish phonology and morphology (türkçe ses ve b‹ç‹mb‹lg‹s‹)

Unit 8 - Word Classes
151
It is your turn!
It is your turn!
Postpositions are relevant to morphology in that they govern morphological 1
case categories. That is, they assign case to their noun complements. Some
1
postpositions assign nominative case as in Osman gibi, Salih It is your için, turn! kedi kadar;
It is your turn!
whereas some assign dative and ablative case as in ona göre, akflama kadar, 2 buna
ra¤men, sana dair, ö¤retmene karfl›, dünden beri, senden yana, yar›ndan itibaren,
2
akflamdan önce, dersten sonra. Postpositions are invarient in It is their your turn! form with no
It is your turn!
inflectional contrasts, but they enter into different inflectional relations 3with their
noun complements. Sometimes they behave differently with nouns and pronouns.
3
For example, gibi, as well as kadar and için, assigns nominative It is your case turn! to its noun
It is your turn!
complements, genitive to its pronoun complements in all persons except 4 third
person plural:
4
It is your turn!
It is your turn!
nominative
gibi
nouns pronouns
Rag›p gibi onlar gibi
benim
nouns
Rag›p
kadar
kadar
pronouns
onlar
kadar
benim
için
5
nouns pronouns
Rag›p için onlar için
It is your turn!
6
benim
Table 8.2
5
Postpositions with
nominals and
pronominals It is your turn!
6
gibi kadar için
senin gibi senin It is your turn! senin için
It is your turn!
X onun gibi X kadar X 7onun için
7
genetive *Rag›p’›n bizim gibi *Rag›p’›n onun *Rag›p’›n bizim için
gibi sizin gibi kadar kadar It is için your turn! sizin için
It is your turn!
bizim
kadar
8 8
sizin
It is your turn!
It is your turn!
kadar
9 9
Considering the semantics of postpositions, which one/s of the following It is your turn! is/are used to
express more than one meaning? And what are the meanings expressed? 10
gibi karfl›
kadar beri
ra¤men önce
It is your turn!
10
It is your turn!
It is your turn!
11 11
Most of the postpositions can be used adverbially too, but their postpositional
It is your turn!
It is your turn!
function appears when they are used with noun complements (Huddleston, 1988:
12 12
125, Lewis, 1967: 90). For example, afla¤›da is an adverbial in afla¤›da kald›m, but
a postposition in derenin afla¤›s›nda kald›m.
Limited number of postpositions can be modified by degree It adverbs is your turn! such as tam,
It is your turn!
pek, çok, pek çok, biraz. Some examples are okulun tam önünde, akflamdan 13 çok 13
sonra, dersten biraz önce, toplant›n›n tam ortas›nda, tam anneme göre, tam kardeflim
için, but not *tam annem sayesinde, *tam vali taraf›ndan, *tam olaya ra¤men.
Postpositions have a variety of functions. First they head postpositional phrases.
Then these postpositional phrases may have different functions in a clause as
shown below (see Unit 11 for more).