turkish phonology and morphology (türkçe ses ve b‹ç‹mb‹lg‹s‹)
turkish phonology and morphology (türkçe ses ve b‹ç‹mb‹lg‹s‹)
turkish phonology and morphology (türkçe ses ve b‹ç‹mb‹lg‹s‹)
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76<br />
Key to “It is your turn!”<br />
It is your turn!<br />
It is your turn!<br />
1 1<br />
Turkish Phonology <strong>and</strong> Morphology (Türkçe Ses <strong>ve</strong> Biçim Bilgisi)<br />
It is your turn! syllable It is your turn! structure morpheme structure<br />
2<br />
o<strong>ve</strong>rlap in<br />
2<br />
süt-çü süt-çü<br />
It is your turn!<br />
boundaries<br />
3<br />
It is your turn!<br />
ev-den<br />
3<br />
ev-ler-den<br />
ev-den<br />
ev-ler-den<br />
It is your turn!<br />
It is your turn!<br />
no o<strong>ve</strong>rlap 4 in si-mit-çi 4<br />
simit-çi<br />
boundaries It is your turn! ev-le-re It is your turn!<br />
ev-ler-e<br />
It is your turn! 5 5 It is your turn!<br />
ev-le-ri-me ev-ler-im-e<br />
1 1<br />
It is your turn!<br />
It is your turn!<br />
It is your turn! 6 6 It is your turn!<br />
2 2<br />
It is your turn!<br />
It is your turn!<br />
a.bol-ar :-ar (derivational morpheme deriving <strong>ve</strong>rbs<br />
from adjecti<strong>ve</strong>s)<br />
b. bol-ar-t :-ar+t (a+derivational morpheme deriving<br />
<strong>ve</strong>rbs from <strong>ve</strong>rbs<br />
c. bol-ar-t-t› :-ar+t+t› +ø (a+b+inflectional morphemes:<br />
tense&3rd person singular)<br />
d. bol-ar-t-t›-k :-ar+t+t›+k (a+b+c inflectional morphemes:<br />
tense&1st It is your turn! 7 7 It is your turn!<br />
3<br />
It is your turn!<br />
3<br />
It is your turn!<br />
It is your turn! 8<br />
4<br />
8 It is your turn!<br />
4<br />
It is your turn!<br />
It is your turn!<br />
It is your turn! 9<br />
5<br />
9 It is your turn!<br />
5<br />
It is your turn!<br />
It is your turn! 10<br />
It is your turn!<br />
10 It is your turn!<br />
6 6<br />
It is your turn!<br />
It is your turn!<br />
It is your turn! 11 1<br />
7<br />
11 1 It is your turn!<br />
7 person plural)<br />
It is your turn!<br />
It is your turn!<br />
bol It is your is turn! the free morpheme It is your turn! in all.<br />
It is your turn!<br />
12<br />
2<br />
8<br />
12<br />
2 It is your turn!<br />
8<br />
It is your turn!<br />
It is your turn!<br />
It is your turn! 3<br />
13<br />
9<br />
It is your turn!<br />
It is your turn!<br />
3 It is your turn!<br />
13<br />
9<br />
I: s›ra-la-d›-k : -la derivational making <strong>ve</strong>rbs from<br />
nouns, -d› inflectional marking past time,<br />
-k inflectional marking 1st It is your turn!<br />
It is your turn!<br />
It is your turn! 4 4 It is your turn!<br />
10<br />
10<br />
It is your turn!<br />
It is your turn!<br />
It is your turn! 5 5 It is your turn!<br />
person<br />
11 11<br />
singular<br />
It is your turn!<br />
It is your turn!<br />
It is your turn! 6 6 It is your turn!<br />
say-g›-s›z-lar-› : -g› derivational making nouns from<br />
12 12<br />
It is your turn! <strong>ve</strong>rbs, It is your -s›z turn! derivational making adjecti<strong>ve</strong>s<br />
It is your turn! 7 7 It is your turn!<br />
13 from 13 nouns, -lar inflectional marking<br />
It is your turn!<br />
It is your turn!<br />
8 plural 8 number, -› inflectional marking<br />
It is your turn! the direct It is your turn! object<br />
9 9<br />
II. y<strong>and</strong>afl, yurttafl / kesim, yar›m / dostça, kad›nca<br />
It is your turn!<br />
It is your turn!<br />
a. -DAfl is a derivational morpheme which means ‘one<br />
10<br />
10<br />
the same as STEM’. So anlamdafl means one that<br />
It is your turn!<br />
It is your turn!<br />
has 11the same meaning, 11 yafltafl means one who is at<br />
It is your the turn! same age, meslektafl It is your turn! means one who has the<br />
12 12<br />
same job.-Im is a derivational morpheme which<br />
It is your turn!<br />
It is your turn!<br />
means ‘the name of the action described by STEM’.<br />
13 13<br />
Al›m is the name of the act of buying, anlat›m <strong>and</strong><br />
üretim are those of telling <strong>and</strong> producing<br />
respecti<strong>ve</strong>ly. -CA is a derivational morpheme which<br />
means ‘STEMish or STEMly’. So çocukça means<br />
childish, insanca means humanly, <strong>and</strong> düflmanca<br />
means unfriendly/hostile.<br />
b. -DAfl makes nouns from nouns, -Im makes nouns<br />
from <strong>ve</strong>rbs, <strong>and</strong> -CA makes adjecti<strong>ve</strong>s or ad<strong>ve</strong>rbs<br />
from nouns.<br />
III. The derivational morpheme in the gi<strong>ve</strong>n examples<br />
is -lIk. It has got four meanings as represented by<br />
the four groups of examples in the data. -lIk makes:<br />
a. abstract nouns from nouns: insanl›k, casusluk,<br />
kad›nl›k, çocukluk<br />
b. abstract nouns from adjecti<strong>ve</strong>s: uzakl›k, yorgunluk,<br />
iyilik, pislik<br />
It is your turn!<br />
It is your turn!<br />
c. nouns 1 with narrowed 1 down domains: k›fll›k,<br />
It is your bayraml›k, turn! dolmal›k, It is your turn! hediyelik<br />
2 2<br />
d. nouns meaning ‘STEMcase’: kitapl›k, ayakkab›l›k,<br />
It is your turn!<br />
It is your turn!<br />
terliklik, kalemlik<br />
3 3<br />
It is your turn!<br />
It is your turn!<br />
4 4<br />
Derivational It is your turn! morphemes It is your turn! almost always precede<br />
5 5<br />
inflectional morphemes in Turkish. Therefore, (a) is<br />
It is your turn!<br />
It is your turn!<br />
ungrammatical 6 unless 6 the order is changed into<br />
sevgisizler to put the derivational morpheme -sIz before<br />
It is your turn!<br />
It is your turn!<br />
7 7<br />
the inflectional -lAr. In (b), the two derivational<br />
morphemes It is your turn! -sIz <strong>and</strong> It is your -lIk turn! are switched. The one that is<br />
8 8<br />
relevant to the meaning of the root is supposed to be<br />
It is your turn!<br />
It is your turn!<br />
used closer 9 to it. -sIz 9 is used to negate the meaning of<br />
sevgi, It not the meaning of sevgilik. In (c), -lEr seems to<br />
It is your turn!<br />
It is your turn!<br />
10 1 10 1<br />
be used as a person agreement marker which is<br />
It is your turn!<br />
It is your turn!<br />
supposed to be used in the final position. When we put<br />
11 2 11 2<br />
-ler in the final position, we get evdemler, but it is still<br />
It is your turn!<br />
It is your turn!<br />
not acceptable 12 3 since 12 3 pos<strong>ses</strong>si<strong>ve</strong> is supposed to precede<br />
case markers. Evimdeler is the correct order.<br />
It is your turn!<br />
It is your turn!<br />
13 4 13 4<br />
It is your turn!<br />
It is your turn!<br />
5 5<br />
a. It is your There turn! are two allomorphs It is your turn! attached to the stems in<br />
6 6<br />
this problem set: -AlA <strong>and</strong> -lA. The former is a<br />
It is your turn!<br />
It is your turn!<br />
derivational 7 morpheme 7 which applies to <strong>ve</strong>rbs adding<br />
the meaning of iterativity. The meaning changes from<br />
It is your turn!<br />
It is your turn!<br />
8 8<br />
‘to VERB’ to ‘to VERB iterati<strong>ve</strong>ly/repeatedly’.<br />
It is your turn!<br />
It is your turn!<br />
9 9<br />
eflmek ‘to dig’ eflelemek ‘to dig repeatedly’<br />
It is your turn!<br />
çekmek 10<br />
It is your turn!<br />
‘to pull’ 10 çekelemek ‘to pull repeatedly’<br />
çitmek It is your turn! ‘to seed It is çitelemek your turn! ‘to seed repeatedly’<br />
11<br />
itmek<br />
11<br />
‘to push’ itelemek ‘to push repeatedly’<br />
ovmak It is your turn! ‘to scrub’ It is ovalamak your turn! ‘to scrub repeatedly’<br />
12<br />
deflmek ‘to dig’<br />
12<br />
deflelemek ‘to dig repeatedly’<br />
It is your turn!<br />
It is your turn!<br />
13 13
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