turkish phonology and morphology (türkçe ses ve b‹ç‹mb‹lg‹s‹)
turkish phonology and morphology (türkçe ses ve b‹ç‹mb‹lg‹s‹)
turkish phonology and morphology (türkçe ses ve b‹ç‹mb‹lg‹s‹)
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The Morpheme Marking Definite Past /-DI/<br />
The past tense morpheme applies to <strong>ve</strong>rbs, <strong>and</strong> it has eight allomorphs determined<br />
by the preceding stem vowel <strong>and</strong> consonant. The high suffix vowel <strong>and</strong> the stem<br />
are supposed to share the specification for both backness <strong>and</strong> rounding. In addition,<br />
stem consonants <strong>and</strong> suffix consonants should share the same voicing feature: /d/<br />
is selected after the voiced consonats <strong>and</strong> /t/ after the voiceless.<br />
[d›] kal-d›, k›z-d› [t›] sars-t›, k›r›t-t›<br />
[di] gel-di, giy-di [ti] kes-ti, it-ti<br />
[du] uyu-du, soy-du [tu] tut-tu, kop-tu<br />
[dü] öv-dü, yürü-dü [tü] öt-tü, ürk-tü<br />
The Agenti<strong>ve</strong> Morpheme /-CI/<br />
The agenti<strong>ve</strong> morpheme is applied to nouns to form other nouns which mean ‘one<br />
who makes or sells NOUN’. It has eight allomorphs. Consonant harmony in voicing,<br />
<strong>and</strong> rounding harmony in both backness <strong>and</strong> rounding deri<strong>ve</strong> eight variations.<br />
[c›] kolonya-c› [ç›] b›çak-ç›<br />
[ci] kilim-ci [çi] saat-çi<br />
[cu] baston-cu [çu] koltuk-çu<br />
[cü] örgü-cü [çü] küp-çü<br />
Unit 5 - Morphology: The Wordl<strong>and</strong><br />
First Person Agreement Marker /-(y)Im/<br />
This morpheme marks the subject of the sentence on predicati<strong>ve</strong> nouns <strong>and</strong><br />
It is your turn!<br />
adjecti<strong>ve</strong>s. It has four allomorphs conditioned by the rounding harmony. The<br />
1 1<br />
buffer -y is inserted when the stem ends in a vowel.<br />
[›m] uzman-›m [um] doktor-umIt<br />
is your turn!<br />
[y-›m] flark›c›-y-›m [y-um] futbolcu-y-um 2 2<br />
[im] ö¤retmen-im [üm] özgür-üm<br />
[y-im] çiftçi-y-im [y-üm] sözcü-y-üm It is your turn!<br />
3<br />
Note that one important feature of the word structure in Turkish is that stems<br />
remain invarient when exp<strong>and</strong>ed by derivation or inflection. It is always the<br />
suffixes that undergo a phonological chage. There are few<br />
It is<br />
exceptions<br />
your turn!<br />
to this<br />
3<br />
generalization, though: ben vs bana, sen vs sana.<br />
4 4<br />
Identify each bound morpheme <strong>and</strong> its meaning in the following. Specify It is your allomorphs turn! if any.<br />
It is your turn!<br />
eflele kesele çekele yarala<br />
5 5<br />
itele gecele ovala parala<br />
çitele hecele deflele karala<br />
It is your turn!<br />
It is your turn!<br />
6 6<br />
71<br />
It is your turn!<br />
It is your turn!<br />
It is your turn!<br />
It is your turn!<br />
It is your turn!<br />
It is your turn!<br />
7 7<br />
It is your turn!<br />
It is your turn!<br />
8 8<br />
It is your turn!<br />
It is your turn!<br />
9 9<br />
It is your turn!<br />
10<br />
It is your turn!<br />
10
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