turkish phonology and morphology (türkçe ses ve b‹ç‹mb‹lg‹s‹)

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Turkish Phonology and Morphology (Türkçe Ses ve Biçim Bilgisi)
Underlying representations have to be posited because otherwise (a) the rule
cannot account for all the surface realizations (as illustrated in (4)), or (b) different
rules have to be stipulated which may result in exceptions as the rule given in
Turkish grammar books. Remember that that rule states that voiceless stops and
affricate become voiced when they occur between two vowels. When the rule is
stipulated as such, then as many exceptions as the rule governed surface realizations
emerge. Thus, it is necessary to posit an underlying representation for each word
and to assume that the underlying representations of alternating (i.e., /k√b/,
/k√n√d/, /R&ENg/) and non-alternating roots (i.e., /s√p/, /s√n√t/, /tyR&•k/) are different
to derive the correct forms as illustrated below.
(6) UR FD SR
kap /k√b/ /k√p/ [k√p]
sap /s√p/ n/a* [s√p]
kanat /k√n√d/ /k√n√t/ [k√n√t]
sanat /s√n√t/ n/a [s√n√t]
renk /R&ENg/ /R&ENk/ [R&ENc]
Türk /tyR&•k/ n/a [tyR&•c] (transcribed with
(c) because /k/ is
realized as palatal)
* n/a is a short hand for ‘not applicable’ meaning the rule does not apply.
Final devoicing in Turkish is described as applying syllable-finally (e.g. Göker,
1986). Examples are shown in (7). The second column in which the suffix –i is
attached (accusative case) illustrate the underlying voicing of the final stops;
singular forms illustrate syllable final devoicing that is also word final; the plural
forms illustrate syllable final devoicing before a consonant-initial (voiced lateral
approximant) suffix.
(7) UR -i singular plural gloss
/k√b/ [k√bµ] [k√p] [k√p¬√R&•] ‘container’
/s√p/ [s√pµ] [s√p] [s√p¬√R&•] ‘stalk’
/k√n√d/ [k√n√dµ] [k√n√t] [k√n√t¬√R&•] ‘wing’
/s√n√t/ [s√n√tµ] [s√n√t] [s√n√t¬√R&•] ‘arts’
When a vowel-initial suffix is attached to consonant roots, the root final
consonant is no longer syllable final; rather it becomes the initial sound of the next
syllable. Thus final devoicing does not apply in such cases as final devoicing rule
in Turkish applies to syllable final voiced stops and affricate.
It is your turn!
a) State the It is final your turn! devoicing rule in Turkish.
1 b) Determine 1 the underlying representation of the following words:
a. haç ‘cross’
It is your turn!
2
b. haç ‘pilgrimage’
It is your turn!
c. saç ‘sheet metal’
2
d. saç ‘hair’
e. hayat ‘life’
It is your turn!
f. denk It is your ‘equal’ turn!
3 3
It is your turn!
It is your turn!
4 4
It is your turn! It is your turn!