turkish phonology and morphology (türkçe ses ve b‹ç‹mb‹lg‹s‹)

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42 Summary Turkish Phonology and Morphology (Türkçe Ses ve Biçim Bilgisi) Vowels are sounds produced without an obstruction in the vocal tract. As there is no constriction involved in the production of vowels, vowels are described differently than consonants. Turkish vowels are described in terms of height, backness, and rounding. Languages such as English need other parameters to distinguish vowels such as ‘tense-lax’ distinction. Turkish does not distinguish between tense and lax vowels phonemically but lax counterparts are used more widely than tense vowels in Turkish. As there are 8 vowel phonemes in Turkish and the distinction between some vowels is in rounding, there is room for movement in the vowel space. Thus, Turkish vowels have allophones, different realizations of vowels, that are not conditioned by the neighboring sounds or the position within a word. Rather, most of the vowels tend to centralize. Turkish vowels are described as follows: height backness rounding /i/ high front unrounded /y/ high front rounded /µ/ high back unrounded /u/ high back rounded /E/ mid front unrounded /ø/ mid front rounded /o/ mid back rounded /a/ low central unrounded /√/ mid central unrounded
Self-test 1. Which of the following describes the vowel [ø]? a. high front rounded b. mid back rounded c. mid front rounded d. high back rounded e. mid back unrounded 2. Which of the words contain a mid back rounded vowel in word initial position? a. uzman b. ortak c. üzgün d. aray›fl e. endifle 3. What is the symbol corresponding to high front unrounded vowel? a. i b. E c. µ d. y e. u 4. Which best transcribes the word ‘tu¤ra’? a. tUgr√ b. tuR√ c. tUra d. tUR´ e. tuR´ 5. Which of the following is a description of the vowel [y]? a. high back unrounded b. mid front rounded c. low back rounded d. mid central unrounded e. high front rounded Unit 3 - Turkish Vowels 43
Page 1 and 2: T.C. ANADOLU ÜN‹VERS‹TES‹ YA
Page 3 and 4: Contents Why Study Sounds?.........
Page 5 and 6: Grammatical Categories ............
Page 7 and 8: Kitapla ilgili olarak eminim hepini
Page 9 and 10: Why Study Sounds? INTRODUCTION Lang
Page 11 and 12: [s] /s/ [z] [´z] The differences i
Page 13 and 14: • Speaker-based description • A
Page 15 and 16: Summary It is through the use of la
Page 17 and 18: “ Turkish Alive Examine the follo
Page 19 and 20: Key to “It is your turn!” It is
Page 21 and 22: Turkish Consonants INTRODUCTION Why
Page 23 and 24: Unit 2 - Turkish Consonants The dif
Page 25 and 26: Unit 2 - Turkish Consonants Places
Page 27 and 28: Unit 2 - Turkish Consonants produce
Page 29 and 30: s h l tS R d Unit 2 - Turkish Conso
Page 31 and 32: The necessary condition for /n/ bec
Page 33 and 34: Summary The production of consonant
Page 35 and 36: Turkish Alive Transcribe the conson
Page 38 and 39: 3TURKISH PHONOLOGY AND MORPHOLOGY (
Page 40 and 41: 34 Turkish Phonology and Morphology
Page 42 and 43: It is your turn! It is your turn! 1
Page 44 and 45: 38 Figure 3.4 English Vowels Turkis
Page 50 and 51: 44 Turkish Alive Turkish Phonology
Page 52 and 53: 4TURKISH PHONOLOGY AND MORPHOLOGY (
Page 62 and 63: 56 Self-test Turkish Phonology and
Page 64: 58 Turkish Phonology and Morphology
Page 67 and 68: Morphology: The Wordland INTRODUCTI
Page 69 and 70: When you compare the syllable and m
Page 71 and 72: Unit 5 - Morphology: The Wordland a
Page 73 and 74: white arrow. This takes us to the n
Page 75 and 76: (6) a. kitap b. kitap-l›k c. kita
Page 77 and 78: The Morpheme Marking Definite Past
Page 79 and 80: Self-test 1. Which one of the follo
Page 81 and 82: Adal›, O. (1979). Türkiye Türk
Page 83 and 84: Evidently, the morpheme /-AlA/ has
Page 85 and 86: Word-Formation Processes INTRODUCTI
Page 87 and 88: derived stem denominal nominal deve
Page 89 and 90: falan), haber maber (haber falan),
Page 91 and 92: It is your turn! Though relatively
Page 93 and 94: Unit 6 - Word-Formation Processes (
Page 95 and 96: Unit 6 - Word-Formation Processes B
Page 97 and 98: Summary In this chapter we have loo
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Turkish Alive Read the article by C
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Key to “It is your turn!” It is
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Grammatical Categories INTRODUCTION
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Non-Plural Functions of -lAr Unit 7
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(1) a. Serhat’› kurtard›lar.
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We know that proper nouns and prono
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The Locative Case -DA The locative
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subjective genitive çocu¤un a¤la
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It is your turn! It is your turn! I
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Do we always talk about facts? Past
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Unit 7 - Grammatical Categories The
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-mIfl has another evidential functi
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TIME LINE X G ü n e fl d o ¤ u d
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It is your turn! veriyor suggest th
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of appropriate adverbials: Sak›n
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Restrictions on Impersonal Passives
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In (33a) there are two participants
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Summary 1. How many different categ
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“ Turkish Alive “(1) Türk yön
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markers. -lAr is the plural morphem
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8TURKISH PHONOLOGY AND MORPHOLOGY (
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136 Turkish Phonology and Morpholog
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142 It is your turn! It is your tur
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1 1 It is your turn! It is your tur
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It is your turn! It is your turn! 1
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158 Self-test Turkish Phonology and
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160 References & Bibliography Turki
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It is your turn! It is your turn! I
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164 Unit 5 Turkish Phonology and Mo
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174 V Turkish Phonology and Morphol
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176 T Turkish Phonology and Morphol
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turkish phonology and morphology (türkçe ses ve b‹ç‹mb‹lg‹s‹)

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