turkish phonology and morphology (türkçe ses ve b‹ç‹mb‹lg‹s‹)
turkish phonology and morphology (türkçe ses ve b‹ç‹mb‹lg‹s‹)
turkish phonology and morphology (türkçe ses ve b‹ç‹mb‹lg‹s‹)
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falan), haber maber (haber falan), ders mers (ders falan), sar› mar› (sar› <strong>and</strong> the like<br />
or another color), otur motur (otur or do something similar), It is h›zl› your turn! m›zl› (h›zl› or<br />
It is your turn!<br />
whate<strong>ve</strong>r), <strong>ve</strong>ya meya (<strong>ve</strong>ya or whate<strong>ve</strong>r), onlar monlar (onlar <strong>and</strong> whoe<strong>ve</strong>r 1 else). 1<br />
What is the difference between the following sets of reduplication? It is your turn!<br />
It is your turn!<br />
gece mece gece gündüz e¤ri me¤ri e¤ri bü¤rü 2 2<br />
sar› mar› sar› sar› y›rt›k m›rt›k y›rt›k p›rt›k<br />
eski meski eski püskü k›r›k m›r›k k›r›k dökük<br />
It is your turn!<br />
It is your turn!<br />
3<br />
Semantically, reduplicated words display a number of varying relationships.<br />
Some of them are composed of synonymous words: sorgu sual, k›l›k k›yafet, deli<br />
3<br />
It is your turn!<br />
divane, <strong>ses</strong> seda; some are composed of near synonyms: delik deflik, ak pak, ak›l<br />
It is your turn!<br />
fikir, ar namus; <strong>and</strong> some of antonymous words: ileri geri, er geç, iyi 4kötü, tatl›<br />
tats›z (Hatibo¤lu, 1971: 58-59).<br />
4<br />
Morphologically, reduplications may ha<strong>ve</strong> a complex It is structure your turn! including<br />
It is your turn!<br />
inflectional or derivational suffixes as shown in bracketed examples: 5 [Yalana 5<br />
dolana] bafl vurdu, [efle dosta] ay›p olur, [çoluk çocu¤a] rezil olduk, [y<strong>and</strong>an<br />
It is your turn!<br />
y<strong>and</strong>an] yürüdü, [eli yüzü] düzgün, [uslu uslu] oturduk, [paras›z It is your pulsuz] turn! kald›k,<br />
[s›r›t›p s›r›t›p] durma, [bilmifl bilmifl] konuflma, [düfle kalka] mezun olduk, 1<br />
6 [tan›d›k<br />
bildik] yüzler <strong>and</strong> so on. E<strong>ve</strong>n clau<strong>ses</strong> can be reduplicated as in [durdu durdu]<br />
It is your turn!<br />
It is your turn!<br />
1<br />
6<br />
turnay› gözünden vurdu, [sormufl sormufl] cevap alamam›fl, ava It is your [gitse turn! gitse] Osman<br />
It is your turn!<br />
gider, etc.<br />
2<br />
7<br />
It is your turn!<br />
It is your turn!<br />
2<br />
7<br />
What kind of meanings are expressed in the following reduplications? It is your turn!<br />
It is your turn!<br />
a. [Otel otel] dolaflt›k? c. [güzel güzel] k›zlar e. [Dolafl It is your dolafl] turn! dur!<br />
It is your turn!<br />
3 3<br />
b. [Güzel güzel] k›z d. [güpgüzel] k›z f. [Sürüm sürüm] 8 sürün!<br />
8<br />
It is your turn!<br />
Compounding<br />
It is your turn!<br />
4<br />
A genuinely Turkish means of creating new lexical items is realized 9 by<br />
compounding two free morphemes from different or same word clas<strong>ses</strong> to<br />
It is your turn!<br />
It is your turn!<br />
4<br />
9<br />
express a single meaning. It allows rich combinations of embedded It is your turn!<br />
It is your turn! compounds as<br />
shown in (1).<br />
5<br />
10<br />
It is your turn!<br />
It is your turn!<br />
5<br />
10<br />
(1)<br />
a. el [dokuma]<br />
b. el dokuma [hal›]<br />
c. el dokuma hal› [tezgah]›<br />
d. el dokuma hal› tezgah› [atölye]si<br />
e. el dokuma hal› tezgah› atölyesi [yönetici]si<br />
Unit 6 - Word-Formation Proces<strong>ses</strong><br />
It is your turn!<br />
It is your turn!<br />
It is your turn!<br />
It is your turn!<br />
6 6<br />
11 11<br />
It is your turn!<br />
It is your turn!<br />
It is your turn!<br />
7<br />
12<br />
7<br />
It is your turn!<br />
12<br />
The word class of the compound is always compatible with It the is your word turn! class of the<br />
It is your turn!<br />
right most member, as shown in brackets. Moreo<strong>ve</strong>r, the meaning It is your of turn! the 8right most 8 It is your turn!<br />
element is central to the meaning of the compound. Therefore, the direction 13 of the 13<br />
modification is from the left to the right (Fabb, 2002: 70). It For is your example, turn! in the<br />
compounds gi<strong>ve</strong>n in (1), the right most elements are nouns, so the compounds<br />
9<br />
are<br />
also characterized as noun (nominal) compounds.<br />
It is your turn!<br />
9<br />
In addition to nominal compounds, there are <strong>ve</strong>rbal <strong>and</strong> adjectival compounds,<br />
It is your turn!<br />
as well. Let’s now examine each more closely.<br />
10<br />
It is your turn!<br />
10<br />
It is your turn!<br />
It is your turn!<br />
11 11<br />
It is your turn!<br />
It is your turn!<br />
12 12<br />
83
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