turkish phonology and morphology (türkçe ses ve b‹ç‹mb‹lg‹s‹)

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Turkish Phonology and Morphology (Türkçe Ses ve Biçim Bilgisi)
It is your turn!
How does vowel It is your production turn! differ from consonant production?
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VOWEL DESCRIPTION
It is your turn!
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Vowel description is difficult because unlike consonants which have distinct
It is your turn!
boundaries, vowel production is a continuum. Furthermore, consonants are
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described in terms of location and degree of airflow constriction. Vowel description,
on the other hand, is based on auditory quality of the vowels because the position
It is your turn!
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It is your turn!
of the tongue is not clear in the production of vowels.
Traditionally, 3 vowels are described in terms of
• height
It is your turn!
• backness It is your turn!
4 • lip 4position
Traditional vowel description/classification refers to the position of the highest
It is your turn!
point of tongue It is your body turn! in the vocal tract. Although there is movement of the tongue
5 body from 5 one vowel to another, there is no one-to-one correspondence. Therefore,
vowel classification is based on how the vowels sound relative to other vowels.
It is your turn!
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Nonetheless, vowels are classified as high-low and front-back. The tongue is
It is your turn!
represented two-dimensionally as shown in Figure 3.1. The horizontal axis
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represents the backness of the tongue whereas the vertical axis represents the
height of the tongue.
It is your turn!
It is your turn!
Figure 73.1 7
Representation of
It is your the turn! tongue It is your turn! backness
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It is your turn!
It is your turn!
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It is your turn!
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It is your turn!
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It is your turn!
As stated It is above, your turn! vowels are described in terms of auditory quality rather than
11 the position 11 of the tongue. The terms ‘high-low, front-back’ are just labels referring
to auditory quality rather than tongue position. These terms are used to describe
It is your turn!
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how vowels It is sound your turn! relative to other vowels. The reference point is the vowel
‘schwa’ [´],
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also called a neutral vowel because it is produced with the tongue at
rest position. Try to produce a schwa. When you are not speaking, your tongue is
at rest position. Open your lips a bit without moving your tongue. The sound you
It is your turn!
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It is your turn!
produce is [´]. Vowels are said to be higher or more back than [´].
Let us
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illustrate how the labels height and backness are used in vowel description
with three vowels at extreme points in the vowel space relative to [´].
height