turkish phonology and morphology (türkçe ses ve b‹ç‹mb‹lg‹s‹)

It
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is your turn!
Turkish Phonology It is your and turn! Morphology (Türkçe Ses ve Biçim Bilgisi)
1 1
sounds are [T] and [D]. [T] in thank is voiceless whereas [D] in those is voiced. The
It is your turn!
number of It places is your turn! of articulation is of course finite but there are other places that
2 languages 2 of the world use.
It is your turn!
Form the following It is your turn! consonants. Decide the place of articulation for each consonant.
3 Consonant 3
j
place of articulation
It is your turn!
4
n It is your turn!
t
4
V
It is your turn!
5
S
It is your turn!
dZ
5
g
Manners It is of your Articulation
turn!
It is your turn!
6 In the production 6 of consonants, the airstream out of the lungs is manipulated in
different ways in the vocal tract to form different sounds. How this airstream is
It is your turn!
manipulated It is or your how turn! sounds are produced is referred to as manner of articulation.
7 Below different 7 manners of articulation for Turkish is discussed. Of course, the
manners of articulation are not limited to those discussed here. There are numerous
It is your turn!
other ways It of is your producing turn! sounds employed by the languages of the world.
8 Stop: Complete 8 obstruction in the oral tract with a raised velum
To form a stop, the air is stopped somewhere in the oral tract so that the
It is your turn!
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airstream It is cannot your turn! escape from the mouth. The velum is raised so that air cannot
escape
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from the nose either. For example, to produce [p] the two lips are
pressed together so that the airstream is stopped completely from going out the
It is your turn!
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mouth. Notice that you need to do the same thing for /b/. For /t/ and /d/, the
It is your turn!
tip/blade of the tongue is against the alveolar ridge to stop the airstream in the
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oral tract. For /k/ and /g/, the back of the tongue is raised to the velum so that
the airstream is obstructed at the velum.
It is your turn!
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It is your turn!
Stop sounds of Turkish are /p/, /b/, /t/, /d/, /k/, /g/.
Nasal: Complete 11 obstruction in the oral tract with a lowered velum
Nasals are also stops as the airstream is obstructed completely in the oral tract.
It is your turn!
In the case It is your of turn! the nasals, in contrast to oral stops, the velum is lowered so that
12 the air 12escapes
through the nose. To contrast oral stops from nasal stops (or
called nasals shortly) say the sounds /b/ and /m/. Both /b/ and /m/ are bilabial
It is your turn!
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sounds formed at the lips. Notice that when you produce /b/ you cannot hear
It is your turn!
a sound until you open your lips. That is because you stop the airstream by
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closing your lips so that air cannot escape from your mouth. When you produce
[m], on the other hand, although your lips are together not letting air go out
your mouth, you can hear the sound [m]. The reason is that the velum is
lowered so that the airstream can escape through the nose.
Nasal sounds of Turkish are /m/ and /n/.
Fricative: Partial obstruction so that there is friction
In the production of fricatives two articulators are close together so that a
narrow passage is formed between the two articulators. As the air goes through
that narrow passage, turbulence is produced causing friction. Hence sounds