turkish phonology and morphology (türkçe ses ve b‹ç‹mb‹lg‹s‹)
turkish phonology and morphology (türkçe ses ve b‹ç‹mb‹lg‹s‹)
turkish phonology and morphology (türkçe ses ve b‹ç‹mb‹lg‹s‹)
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52<br />
Turkish Phonology <strong>and</strong> Morphology (Türkçe Ses <strong>ve</strong> Biçim Bilgisi)<br />
articulation. Examples containing the three places of articulation of nasals illustrate<br />
that the assimilation is regressi<strong>ve</strong>.<br />
(10) kanbur /k√nbUR/ → [k√mbUR&•]<br />
s<strong>and</strong>›k /s√ndµk/ → [s√ndµk]<br />
kangal /k√ng√l/ → [k√Ng√¬]<br />
Examples below, on the other h<strong>and</strong>, show that when al<strong>ve</strong>olar nasal is preceded<br />
by a <strong>ve</strong>lar (e.g., tekne [tEknE] not [tEkNE]) or bilabial stop (e.g., flebnem [SEbnEm]<br />
It is your turn!<br />
not [SEbmEm]), It is your it turn! does not assimilate in place of articulation suggesting that place<br />
1 of articulation 1 is not a progressi<strong>ve</strong> process.<br />
It is your turn!<br />
Find your own It is set your turn! of place of articulation assimilation examples.<br />
2 2<br />
Voicing Assimilation<br />
It is your turn!<br />
3<br />
Voicing assimilation It is your turn! is a process whereby the voicing of a consonant becomes<br />
similar to<br />
3<br />
that of the neighboring consonant. Voicing assimilation is relevant for<br />
consonants because consonants are distinguished in terms of voicing whereas<br />
It is your turn!<br />
4<br />
voicing is not a distinguishing property of vowels. The process of voicing<br />
It is your turn!<br />
assimilation is most apparent in stop-initial <strong>and</strong> affricate-initial suffixes. Consider<br />
4<br />
the following examples.<br />
It is your turn!<br />
(11) It is your turn! -de -te<br />
5 5 ev ev-de kep kep-te<br />
ben ben-de hedef hedef-te<br />
It is your turn!<br />
It is your selturn! sel-de çiçek çiçek-te<br />
6 6 yer yer-de <strong>ses</strong> <strong>ses</strong>-te<br />
belde belde-de befl befl-te<br />
It is your turn!<br />
7<br />
It is your turn!<br />
When the suffix –de (indicating location) is attached to a root, two different<br />
forms with 7 respect to the initial consonant, –de <strong>and</strong> –te surface (the difference in<br />
the vowels will be discussed in the following section). The suffix surfaces as –de<br />
It is your turn!<br />
in the first It column is your turn! but as –te in the second column. Can you explain why?<br />
8 The words 8 in the first column end with a voiced sound. /V, n, l, R, √/ are all<br />
voiced. The initial consonant of the suffix –de therefore is also voiced. The words<br />
It is your turn!<br />
in the second It is your column, turn! on the other h<strong>and</strong>, end with a voiceless consonant. /p, f,<br />
9 k, s, S/ are 9 all voiceless. Thus, the initial consonant of the suffix becomes voiceless,<br />
-te. This is called voicing assimilation – voicing of the suffix agrees with the<br />
It is your turn!<br />
10<br />
voicing of the root final sound.<br />
It is your turn!<br />
There are a number of stop-initial or affricate-initial suffixes in Turkish which<br />
10<br />
alternate, i.e., exhibit voicing assimilation. One example of those alternating<br />
suffixes is –c› with the meaning ‘maker’ as illustrated in (12)<br />
It is your turn!<br />
It is your turn!<br />
11 (12) 11<br />
root-final<br />
voiced voiceless<br />
It is your turn!<br />
12<br />
f›r›n<br />
It is your turn!<br />
cam<br />
12<br />
hal›<br />
f›r›n-c›<br />
cam-c›<br />
hal›-c›<br />
çorap<br />
sanat<br />
kazak<br />
çorap-ç›<br />
sanat-ç›<br />
kazak-ç›<br />
It is your turn!<br />
perde<br />
It is your turn!<br />
perde-ci raf raf-ç›<br />
13 13
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