turkish phonology and morphology (türkçe ses ve b‹ç‹mb‹lg‹s‹)

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4TURKISH PHONOLOGY AND MORPHOLOGY (TÜRKÇE SES VE B‹Ç‹M B‹LG‹S‹) Aims � � � � � In this unit we will try to seek answers to the following questions: What is phonology? What are some phonological processes in Turkish? What is ‘final devoicing’? How can final devoicing rule be described in Turkish? What is ‘assimilation’? What are the types of assimilation in Turkish? What is ‘vowel harmony’? What are the types of vowel harmony in Turkish? Key Words • phonology • final devoicing • assimilation • place of articulation assimilation Contents Turkish Phonology and Morphology (Türkçe Ses ve Biçim Bilgisi) Phonological Processes in Turkish • voicing assimilation • vowel harmony • backness harmony • rounding harmony • INTRODUCTION • PHONOLOGY • FINAL DEVOICING • ASSIMILATION • VOWEL HARMONY
Phonological Processes in Turkish INTRODUCTION How do we, as native speakers of Turkish, know that ‘dolap’ and ‘dolab›’, ‘burun’ and ‘burnu’ are related in meaning although they have different forms? “Phonology is concerned with the organization of speech” (Clark and Yallop, 1991:2). Described as such, phonology deals with how sounds pattern together. Each language has its own set of rules of which sounds can occur together and which sounds cannot, which sounds can occur in which environment or position within a word. This unit focuses on three major phonological processes in Turkish and how the rules of those processes are described. PHONOLOGY All languages have rules about how speech is organized. These rules are language specific in that each language has its own phonological rules and a phonological rule may occur in one language while not in other languages. Or, the same phonological rule may occur in different languages with some variations. A language, for example, may allow certain sound sequences but not others. Knowing a language means knowing which sound sequences are permissible and which sound sequences are not permissible in that language. Consider the following nonsense words (words that do not have meaning in Turkish). Which of the following could be acceptable Turkish words? (1) (I) cunur (II) kambat (III) sortunk (IV) skinez (V) arktrat Based on your intuitions, you probably said that (I), (II), and (III) could be Turkish words but (IV) and (V) could not be Turkish words. (I) could be a Turkish word because all the sounds in ‘cunur’ occur in Turkish. Furthermore, the combination of the sounds is such that it is permissible in Turkish. Similarly, because the sounds and the order of the sounds comply with the rules of Turkish, (II) could be a Turkish word also. (III) does not seem like a Turkish word at first glance because of the word-final ‘-nk’ combination, but that is a permissible
Page 1 and 2: T.C. ANADOLU ÜN‹VERS‹TES‹ YA
Page 3 and 4: Contents Why Study Sounds?.........
Page 5 and 6: Grammatical Categories ............
Page 7 and 8: Kitapla ilgili olarak eminim hepini
Page 9 and 10: Why Study Sounds? INTRODUCTION Lang
Page 11 and 12: [s] /s/ [z] [´z] The differences i
Page 13 and 14: • Speaker-based description • A
Page 15 and 16: Summary It is through the use of la
Page 17 and 18: “ Turkish Alive Examine the follo
Page 19 and 20: Key to “It is your turn!” It is
Page 21 and 22: Turkish Consonants INTRODUCTION Why
Page 23 and 24: Unit 2 - Turkish Consonants The dif
Page 25 and 26: Unit 2 - Turkish Consonants Places
Page 27 and 28: Unit 2 - Turkish Consonants produce
Page 29 and 30: s h l tS R d Unit 2 - Turkish Conso
Page 31 and 32: The necessary condition for /n/ bec
Page 33 and 34: Summary The production of consonant
Page 35 and 36: Turkish Alive Transcribe the conson
Page 38 and 39: 3TURKISH PHONOLOGY AND MORPHOLOGY (
Page 40 and 41: 34 Turkish Phonology and Morphology
Page 42 and 43: It is your turn! It is your turn! 1
Page 44 and 45: 38 Figure 3.4 English Vowels Turkis
Page 48 and 49: 42 Summary Turkish Phonology and Mo
Page 50 and 51: 44 Turkish Alive Turkish Phonology
Page 62 and 63: 56 Self-test Turkish Phonology and
Page 64: 58 Turkish Phonology and Morphology
Page 67 and 68: Morphology: The Wordland INTRODUCTI
Page 69 and 70: When you compare the syllable and m
Page 71 and 72: Unit 5 - Morphology: The Wordland a
Page 73 and 74: white arrow. This takes us to the n
Page 75 and 76: (6) a. kitap b. kitap-l›k c. kita
Page 77 and 78: The Morpheme Marking Definite Past
Page 79 and 80: Self-test 1. Which one of the follo
Page 81 and 82: Adal›, O. (1979). Türkiye Türk
Page 83 and 84: Evidently, the morpheme /-AlA/ has
Page 85 and 86: Word-Formation Processes INTRODUCTI
Page 87 and 88: derived stem denominal nominal deve
Page 89 and 90: falan), haber maber (haber falan),
Page 91 and 92: It is your turn! Though relatively
Page 93 and 94: Unit 6 - Word-Formation Processes (
Page 95 and 96: Unit 6 - Word-Formation Processes B
Page 97 and 98: Summary In this chapter we have loo
Page 99 and 100: Turkish Alive Read the article by C
Page 101 and 102: Key to “It is your turn!” It is
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Grammatical Categories INTRODUCTION
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Non-Plural Functions of -lAr Unit 7
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(1) a. Serhat’› kurtard›lar.
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We know that proper nouns and prono
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The Locative Case -DA The locative
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subjective genitive çocu¤un a¤la
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It is your turn! It is your turn! I
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Do we always talk about facts? Past
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Unit 7 - Grammatical Categories The
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-mIfl has another evidential functi
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TIME LINE X G ü n e fl d o ¤ u d
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It is your turn! veriyor suggest th
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of appropriate adverbials: Sak›n
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Restrictions on Impersonal Passives
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In (33a) there are two participants
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Summary 1. How many different categ
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“ Turkish Alive “(1) Türk yön
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markers. -lAr is the plural morphem
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8TURKISH PHONOLOGY AND MORPHOLOGY (
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136 Turkish Phonology and Morpholog
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142 It is your turn! It is your tur
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1 1 It is your turn! It is your tur
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It is your turn! It is your turn! 1
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158 Self-test Turkish Phonology and
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160 References & Bibliography Turki
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It is your turn! It is your turn! I
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164 Unit 5 Turkish Phonology and Mo
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174 V Turkish Phonology and Morphol
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176 T Turkish Phonology and Morphol
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turkish phonology and morphology (türkçe ses ve b‹ç‹mb‹lg‹s‹)

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