Moral essays. With an English translation by J.W. Basore

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;SENECA4 dignum esset victore, apud victos invenisse. Cumcivibus et ignotis atque humilibus eo moderatiusagendum est, quo minoris est adflixisse eos. Quibusdamlibenter parcas, a quibusdam te vindicarefastidias et non aliter quam ab animalibus parvis sedobterentem inquinantibus reducenda manus estat in iis,qui in ore civitatis servati punitique erunt,occasione notae clementiae utendum est.] 22. Transeamus ad alienas iniurias, in quibusvindicandis haec tria lex s^cuta est, quae princepsquoque sequi debet : aut ut eum, quem punit,emendet, aut ut poena eius ceteros meliores reddat,aut ut sublatis malis securiores ceteri vivant.Ipsosfacilius emendabis minore poena ; diligentius enimvivit, cui aliquid integri superest. Nemo dignitatiperditae parcit ; impunitatis genus est iam non2 habere poenae locum. Civitatis autem mores magiscorrigit parcitas animadversionum ; facit enimconsuetudinem peccandi multitudo peceantium, etminus gravis nota est, quam turba damnationumlevat, et severitas, quod maximum remedium habet,3 adsiduitate amittit auctoritatem. Constituit bonosmores civitati princeps et vitia eluit, si patienseorum est, non tamquam probet, sed tamquaminvitus et cum magno tormento ad castigandumveniat.418Verecundiam peccandi facit ipsa dementia
ON MERCY, I. XXI. 4-xxii. 3the vanquished nothing that was worthy of thevictor. To his fellow-countrymen, to the obscure,and to the lowly he should show the greater moderation,as he has the less to gain by crushing them.Some men we should be glad to spare, on some weshould scorn to be avenged, and we should recoilfrom them as from the tiny insects which defile thehand that crushes them ; but in the case of thosewhose names ^\ill be upon *he hps of the community,whether they are spared or punished, the opportunityfor a notable clemency should be made use of.Let us pass now to the injuries done to others, inthe punishment of which these three aims, which thelaw has had in \iew, should be kept in \iew also bythe prince : either to reform the man that is punished,or by punishing him to make the rest better, or byremo\ing bad men to let the rest live in greatersecurity. You Avill more easily reform the culpritsthemselves by the hghter form of punishment ; forhe will hve more guardedly who has something leftto lose. No one is sparing of a ruined reputation ;it brings a sort of exemption from punishment tohave no room left for punishment. The morals ofthe state, moreover, are better mended by thesparing use of punitive measures ; for sin becomesfamiliar from the multitude of those who sin, andthe official stigma is less weighty if its force isweakened by the very number that it condemns, andseverity, which provides the best corrective, loses itspotency by repeated application. Good morals areestabUshed in the state and vice is wiped out if aprince is patient v\ith vice, not as if he approved ofit, but as if unvvilhngly and vvith great pain hehad resort to chastisement. The very mercifulness419
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THE LOEB CLASSICAL LIBRARYEDITED BY
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finPrinted in Great Britain
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INTRODUCTIONSprung from the rich an
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—INTRODUCTIONin retirement. Three
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INTRODUCTIONAmbrosian manuscript ii
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1INTRODUCTIONby an exposition of th
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:SELECT BIBLIOGRAPHYEditions and Tr
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VOL. ISENECAMORAL ESSAYS
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THE DIALOGUES OFLUCIUS ANNAEUS SENE
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ON PROVIDENCE, i. 2-4on unhindered,
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ON PROVIDENCE, i. 4-ii. 1tionately
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-ON PROVIDENCE, n. 1-6maintains its
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ON PROVIDENCE, it. 6-10men God has
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—ON PROVIDENCE, ii. lO-iii. i" al
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—ON PROVIDENCE, iii. 1-2the thing
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SENECA6 Infelix est Mucius, quod de
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SENECAsenatorum capita et passim va
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!SENECA11 quae patitur vexat causa
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;SENECApostferatur. Grave est civil
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;SENECAmilites bello. Triumphum ego
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;SENECAtorpescunt, quos velut in ma
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SENECAvindicaverunt, cuius pedes in
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;SENECAferendo mari dura, agricolis
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SENECAversari et aequo animo ferre
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SENECAotium suum oblectet aut in po
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SENECApublica longus ordo rerum tra
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SENECAoportet ac deorsum eat, fluct
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;SENECAab illis removit, seelera et
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'SENECAmulta incidunt tristia, horr
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SENECA8 si homo tarn tarde moreretu
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LIBER IIAD SERENVMNEC INIVRIAM NEC
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jSENECAabscisa et conexa videri sol
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SENECAmonstra igne ac ferro persecu
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SENECAparum sana verba emittere et
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SENECAlacessitur, cum dubiae sint v
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SENECAve in altum exprimuntur, cum
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SENECAvexemur more puerorum, quibus
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;,SENECAperdet quod perire sensurus
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SENECAgladios et militarem in rapin
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SENECA6 Teneo, habeo quicquid mei h
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;SENECAhumani ingenii vanum decus n
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:SENECAerit, quamvis ilia adultera
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muneris, et malus nihilpotest dignu
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SENECAhominum potentium quos scit f
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SENECAiniuria, et movet et impellit
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:SENECAEst minor iniuria, quam quer
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;SENECAliberorumque amissio et patr
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SENECAQuare ? Quia qui facit contem
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SENECAforoque et in curia serio lud
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SENECAomnis hos, qui togati purpura
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SENECAcontigit, sed hostes teterrim
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SENECAcogitans et in pontibus quibu
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SENECAnumero vel magnitudine crever
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SENECA1 16. Quodsi Epicurus quoque,
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;SENECAquid dictum ridemus, coram p
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SENECAdedidicerat, cur isnon possit
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SENECAnon dico amico, sed tantum ma
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SENECAnumquam in uno homine etin un
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SENECAremedio utetur sapiens afFect
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LIBER IIIAD NOVATVMDE IRALIBER I1 1
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':SENECAvultus, tristis frons, torv
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SENECAconcitatio, quae nihil moveat
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SENECA4 tamquam aut curam nostram d
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SENECA3 telis finitio non niultum a
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SENECAregium est illud et principal
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;SENECAdictorumque amaritudinem efi
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SENECAnon enim nocet sed medetur sp
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SENECA4 perire etiam pereuntis inte
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;SENECAmodum cogere, id vero retine
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SENECAque illi aliquod voluntate no
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;ISENECAQuando ? Cum iam ira evanes
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SENECAindomitamque intellego ; si n
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SENECA4 " Ita," inquit, " utilis ad
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SENECA4 perpetuum caeli rigorem ? H
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jSENECA8 ferro ipsi suo caderent. N
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SENECAbene praebetur, si vitreum fr
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iSENECAnemo dicet meliorem futuram,
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;'SENECAmelior quisque, hoc iracund
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SENECAest, cur oderim eum, cui turn
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;SENECAcontineberis.^ Tibi fortius
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SENECAnee infestus sed vultu legis
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SENECAitaque suspiciones quasdam et
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SENECAnova genera poenarum versaver
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SENECAsi ingeritur oculis Veritas,
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SENECAnationis commilitoni fuisti ;
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,SENECArevertitur ? Tenentur itaque
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: "SENECAtractandam, potestatem vit
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;SENECAoptaverit, ut odio esset, an
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!—SENECAquidem sine missione, Hom
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LIBER IVAD NOVATVMDE IRA1 1. Primus
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SENECA4 moveatur quaerimus. Nobis p
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SENECAtacula et lectiones rerum vet
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'SENECA2 et liunc fortuitum motum p
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SENECA1 4. Et ut scias quemadmodum
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SENECAfrequenti exercitatione et sa
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SENECA2 Nee umquam eommittet virtus
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;SENECAet impudentis et ob ista fel
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;;SENECAtinent, hi mutua laceration
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SENECAresetincendiatotas urbes conc
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SENECAest excusatio et iustior homi
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!jSENECAnon in silvestribus dumis p
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SENECApotiora sunt, nee hoc sapient
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:SENECAinsidias agat, ab ipso efFec
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:;SENECAsomno vigiliam indefatigabi
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;SENECA2 piano adeuntur, Non vanae
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'SENECA3 Pyrrhum maximum praeceptor
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SENECAmisericordia et amor et verec
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SENECA3 bus, ut solus imitetur, sol
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:SENECArepellere, aliter compescere
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;SENECApaulatim crescit ira, quia n
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SENECAcalentibus ingeniis subtrahas
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SENECAsic inter utrumque regendus e
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SENECAiracundiam nutrit, ubi aures
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SENECA2 sunt. Contra primas itaque
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;SENECAmosius Alexander ! Qui cum l
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SENECAapparuerit, obiurgemus credul
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ISENECANulla itaque res magis iracu
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;SENECAet arte tractandi quaedam qu
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SENECApoena ; succurrat non tantum
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;SENECAtalitatis patimur quidquid i
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:SENECA8 qui non pepercit suae. Ali
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;SENECAutrique parti dares actionem
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;:SENECA2 cede iustitiae, si innoce
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;SENECAedere ? Quid novi est, si in
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SENECAsi nocere velint manus pedibu
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;SENECA" me percussum." Melius puta
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SENECAtioribus capillis offensus, r
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discedere ;et comis adulescens ;SEN
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;SENECAiram amicitia mutare ? Quos
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;SENECAadfectus facies turbatior ;p
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SENECA6 infestam pariter invisamque
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SENECAluminum suffudit aciem in ocu
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;LIBER VAD NOVATVMDE IRALIBER III1
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SENECApossunt, huius incitata et se
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SENECAquam inter barbaros potens,no
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SENECAdeinde magna clade temeritate
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;SENECAcomitemque dat consilia, sin
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SENECAomni calore ac spiritu verso
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;SENECAiracundiam dicant et vulgo c
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SENECAilia sua voluptate fruitur, h
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;SENECAAut potentior te aut imbecil
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SENECAretineri, aliubi respergi, it
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SENECAaliquid conaberis, te simul e
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SENECAque inter placida dediscitur.
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SENECA7 sario desit. Eligamus ergo
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is ;SENECAconsumit enim quidquid in
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SENECAlumen nervorumque trepidatio
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SENECA2 Circumscribenda multis modi
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SENECAan praemium, sibi morem gesse
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.SENECAsibi in suos potestatem et o
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SENECAquod iram suam multi intelleg
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ille :SENECA" Ut scias," inquit, "
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SENECA5 Non male dixit regi, nullum
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SENECAhoc sortitis vitae genus et a
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SENECAerimus statu, removeamus. Per
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SENECAquanto Xerses facilior !Qui P
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. i SENECAhaec'genibus manibusque,
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SENECAPapinium, cui pater erat cons
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SENECAsupplicium ? Cum latrocinia t
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;SENECAin Syria, unde Rhinocolura l
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SENECA1 21. Hie iratus fuit genti e
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;SENECA1 22. Et haec cogitanda sunt
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SENECAfuisse, nisi expediret iis do
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SENECAperseveranti domo sua interdi
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;SENECAvenientem usque ad me murmur
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SENECAipse se castigabit. Denique d
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ISENECAtamen non erit ; maxima est
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;ISENECAulcisci ! Multum temporis u
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SENECArenovaveris, sua sponte ira d
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SENECAutrum aliquis voluntati meae
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SENECAsequimur, deinde, quamvis van
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;"SENECAVoluit quidem ille—^neque
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SENECAinter voluptates est superess
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!;SENECAnibus tradit ; haec est san
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ISENECAsuspiciones et interpretatio
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SENECA3 tudinis ? In hoc habes aure
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,SENECAinterrogaret animum suum : "
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SENECAvictus memento ; solutior est
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SENECAinimicus esset.Vis tu aequo a
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SENECAne recidat ; ipsum quoque imp
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SENECAquemadmodum fecit divus Augus
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SENECAvolgus animosa miratur et aud
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SENECAfebris aut aliquod aliud malu
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;SENECAmortem optas ? Etiam te quie
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;AD NERONEM CAESAREMDE CLEMENTIALIB
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SENECAad nutum meum stringentur ;qu
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;SENECApum concessam concupisti inn
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SENECAfessionem, qua nulla in homin
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;SENECAhibenda moderatio est, quae
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SENECAomnes tarn supra se esse quam
Page 388 and 389: :SENECAregitur, illius ratione flec
Page 390 and 391: SENECA1 5. Longius videtur recessis
Page 392 and 393: SENECAexcanduit, ne deprecaturus es
Page 394 and 395: SENECAlatissima itinera sine interm
Page 396 and 397: ;SENECA•perniciem ? Et quis regum
Page 398 and 399: SENECAeorum, qui in turba, quam non
Page 400 and 401: SENECAlatius quam nocent, non sine
Page 402 and 403: SENECAest, et ubi et quando et quem
Page 404 and 405: SENECAausos pudet. Nunc tempta, quo
Page 406 and 407: SENECAperandum nihil praeter me obs
Page 408 and 409: SENECAtulit ornamenta principis ret
Page 410 and 411: SENECAdeduxerit senectutem plus qua
Page 412 and 413: SENECASolent ? " Sed quotiens id fi
Page 414 and 415: SENECAtimeri vult, quia invisus est
Page 416 and 417: mutare mores.SENECAHoc enim inter c
Page 418 and 419: SENECAillo homines secreto loquuntu
Page 420 and 421: SENECAderit, reponere cupiat, et in
Page 422 and 423: atur, petit,SENECAut sententiam sua
Page 424 and 425: SENECANemo regi tarn vilis sit, ut
Page 426 and 427: SENECA1 17. Nullum animal morosius
Page 428 and 429: SENECAiubet. Quanto iustius iubet h
Page 430 and 431: SENECAest regem, quod et ex aliis a
Page 432 and 433: SENECAquo non captatur, peti se iud
Page 434 and 435: ;SENECAintueamur venerantes colente
Page 436 and 437: SENECAadfert ei, qui accepit iniuri
Page 440 and 441: ;regentis ;viro constituitur.SENECA
Page 442 and 443: SENECAturpia sunt multa supplicia q
Page 444 and 445: ;SENECAextendatur dolor, delectatur
Page 446 and 447: SENECAet ei, quibus inminebat, exsc
Page 448 and 449: SENECAhabet, quo plus se exercitat,
Page 450 and 451: AD NERONEM CAESAREMDE CLEMENTIALIBE
Page 452 and 453: SENECAtionem omnium mortalium mitte
Page 454 and 455: SENECAest, qui se mortuo terrain mi
Page 456 and 457: SENECAsed nulla virtus virtuti cont
Page 458 and 459: SENECAincidimus,^ per speciem cleme
Page 460 and 461: ;SENECAcredit ; aegritudo autem in
Page 462 and 463: SENECAmune auxilium natus ac bonum
Page 464 and 465: ;SENECAiudicio dicam " : Ei ignosci
Page 466 and 467: ;SENECA4 De verbo, ut mea fert opin
Page 468 and 469: SENECAHildehertus Cenomanensis ep.
Page 470 and 471: ;INDEX OF NAMES{The references are
Page 472 and 473: ;INDEX OF NAMESDemochares (Athenian
Page 474 and 475: ;;INDEX OF NAMESpendent monarchy, w
Page 476 and 477: INDEX OF NAMESsul in A.D. 5 and sev
Page 478 and 479: THE LOEB CLASSICAL LIBRARYCICERO :
Page 480 and 481: 'THE LOEB CLASSICAL LIBRARYARISTOPH
Page 482 and 483: THE LOEB CLASSICAL LIBRARYPLATO: LA
Page 484 and 485: ^ 1 1THE LOEB CLASSICAL LIBRARYCICE
Page 487: PLEASE DO NOT REMOVECARDS OR SLIPS
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