National Experiences - British Commission for Military History
National Experiences - British Commission for Military History
National Experiences - British Commission for Military History
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152 ai r p o w e r in 20 t H Ce n t u ry do C t r i n e s a n d em p l o y m e n t - nat i o n a l ex p e r i e n C e s<br />
The USSR replaced all the military equipment lost by the Arabs in the Six-Day<br />
War with more up to date and better quality material – tanks, artillery, war ships,<br />
planes and most important of all an anti-aircraft missile system, that could close<br />
the skies against attacking aircraft. Russian advisors were sent to Egypt and Syria<br />
and trained the troops in the use of all the new weapons and both armies undertook<br />
intensive training in order to operate their new weapons.<br />
The Suez Canal was the dividing line between the Israeli and Egyptian <strong>for</strong>ces.<br />
The Egyptians started to open artillery fire and employed commandos to cross the<br />
Canal, and to set up ambushes against the Israeli troops. On the eastern front, the<br />
Jordan River was the dividing line between Jordan and Israel, and from here Palestinian<br />
groups repeatedly crossed into Israel causing losses both in lives and property.<br />
In addition, there were many clashes on the borders with Syria and Lebanon. This<br />
situation lasted from the end of the Six-Day War in 1967 until half way through 1970<br />
causing heavy casualties in Israel, both military and civilian.<br />
Israel reacted to these attacks with the use of artillery and tanks, and also by operating<br />
deep inside enemy territory with the aid of elite commando <strong>for</strong>ces flown in<br />
by helicopters, but refrained from involving the full <strong>for</strong>ce of the IAF in order not to<br />
cause any escalation in the conflict.<br />
During this period, the IAF purchased from the U.S.A. Skyhawk (1968) and Phantom<br />
(1969) aircrafts, as well as helicopters and high quality transport planes. New<br />
bases were built and new squadrons <strong>for</strong>med while and the aircrews and ground crews<br />
very quickly fully absorbed the new aircrafts into the day to day running of the air<br />
<strong>for</strong>ce.<br />
The situation on the borders continued to deteriorate until finally Israel was left<br />
with no choice other than to operate the air <strong>for</strong>ce in full strength. The Egyptians had<br />
concentrated some 1000 pieces of artillery, thousands of tanks and hundreds of thousands<br />
of troops on the Canal. The Israeli Army could not compete with this either in<br />
manpower nor equipment. The IAF made up <strong>for</strong> this inequality in numbers and was<br />
a suitable response to the firepower of the Egyptians against the Israeli Army.<br />
The first operations of the IAF on the Egyptian border were in 20th July 1969<br />
(“Boxer operation”) with heavy attacks on Egyptian artillery, camps and positions<br />
on the canal and above all the missile system that the Egyptians had positioned on<br />
the border.<br />
This war, which was called the “War of Attrition”, was a static war with both<br />
sides trying to inflict maximum loss and damage to the other side without the ability<br />
to capture territory. The IAF was termed in this war “The flying artillery of the IDF”<br />
as it took on the brunt of the war – without minimizing the many actions taken by the<br />
other <strong>for</strong>ces such as the artillery, navy commandos and special <strong>for</strong>ces behind enemy<br />
lines. The effect of these attacks by the IAF was decisive and proved the ineffectiveness<br />
of the Egyptian army.<br />
Even be<strong>for</strong>e the IAF was used along the canal, it instigated air battles with the