National Experiences - British Commission for Military History
National Experiences - British Commission for Military History
National Experiences - British Commission for Military History
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do C t r i n e, Ca pa C i t i e s, te C H n o l o g y a n d o p e r at i o n a l en v i r o n m e n t o n t H e em p l o y m e n t o f t H e air po w e r ; t H e Ca s e o f guerrilla wa r fa r e 245<br />
Freixo 2500 m; Porto Amelia 1800 m; Quelimane 1800 m; Tete 2500 m; Vila Cabral<br />
2000 m), and more than 200 runways longer than 700 meters distributed throughout<br />
the territory.<br />
The enemy had anti-aircraft artillery calibre 12.7 m/m, more concentrated in the<br />
Maconde plateau. In 1965 they hit 5 DO, 8 T6 and 1 Auster; in 1966 7 DO, 8 T6, 1<br />
Auster, 1 Nord and 1 PV2; in 1967 they hit 14 T6, including one shot with the pilot<br />
and in 1972 5 DO-27, 11 T6 including 2 shot down, 11 AL III which resulted in the<br />
death of a pilot and a mechanic and four pilots wounded, 2 G91and 3 Nord; in 1973<br />
7 G-91, 3 C47 which resulted in the death of a radioman, 5 Nord, 11 DO-27, 3 T6, 10<br />
AL III which resulted in the death of one pilot and two gunners, two pilots injured,<br />
and a C47. In the first half of 1974 they hit 11 DO-27, 3 T6, 10 AL III with death of<br />
a pilot and two gunners and two pilots injured. The acquisition of missile Strella did<br />
not produce the results obtained in Guinea, fundamentally because it was no surprise<br />
and the appropriate countermeasures had already been introduced. The worst case<br />
was that of the C-47 hit that managed to land on an emergency airfield. The aircraft<br />
was carrying <strong>for</strong>eign military attachés visiting the theatre of operations.<br />
Air operations took place along the lines of the other theatres. The great distances<br />
between the Operational Command, the base units and areas of operations naturally<br />
hampered the coordination of air activity and cooperation with ground <strong>for</strong>ces, consuming<br />
lots of flight hours in transit.<br />
Some principles concerning the use of airpower<br />
in counter guerrilla<br />
The preceding description aimed to support some conclusions about the use of<br />
airpower in war against guerrillas from a concrete experience.<br />
The idea of a system, with the aircraft and the air mission in its centre, should<br />
be present in any <strong>for</strong>m of employment of airpower, including counter guerrilla war.<br />
Given the continued dependency of the aircraft in infrastructures in the theatre, the<br />
first concern of those responsible <strong>for</strong> planning should be the creation of the conditions<br />
that would allow air operation in satisfactory safety conditions. The efficiency<br />
of the air power will be much dependent on the points of support in ground that will<br />
to be granted in the air operations.<br />
The counter guerrilla war is a war of lassitude that takes so much time; it can not<br />
be solved in short term and will consume a lot of resources. As this type of war take<br />
place in remote sites, generally, the principle of sustainability should be present in a<br />
realistic view, which means availability of the necessary resources in time, readiness<br />
of operational assets, proper qualification of personnel being ready to work in the<br />
real environment, updated doctrine. In the Portuguese case a very flexible organization<br />
was put in place oriented to the concrete aspects of the mission, and some<br />
operational centres were build in the rearguard to prepare the pilots, the technicians,