National Experiences - British Commission for Military History
National Experiences - British Commission for Military History
National Experiences - British Commission for Military History
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tH e so u t H af r i C a n air fo r C e: Hi s t o r i C a l notes a n d in v o lv e m e n t in t H e ko r e a n wa r 285<br />
east of Kaesong. They carried napalm, rockets and .50 ammunition and took-off<br />
at 19h45. While en route to their target they heard an airborne controller call <strong>for</strong><br />
support from any flight that could hear him. Marshall diverted his flight to answer<br />
to the call and the controller indicated the target. It was a troop concentration by<br />
the enemy about 30km south-west of Chorwon (see Map 1). The troops opened fire<br />
with automatic weapons and 20mm and 40mm anti-aircraft guns, but the four 2 Sqn<br />
Mustangs attacked through an intense and accurate barrage of enemy fire. Howe and<br />
Verster later expressed surprise at having survived the attack while the enemy fire<br />
was so intense that the controller instructed a USAF flight to stand-by to CAP any of<br />
the South Africans who might be hit. Yet, the attack was successful and the opposite<br />
side sustained the following losses: unknown number of troop casualties, one 40mm<br />
gun position and two automatic weapons positions were destroyed and one 40mm<br />
gun position damaged. 45<br />
The courage of these pilots was recognised and on 2 July the Squadron was in<strong>for</strong>med<br />
that Marshall would receive the American Distinguished Flying Cross immediately,<br />
while the other three pilots received the Air Medal. Tragically Verster<br />
was never to hear of his award as he was killed the previous day ferrying a Mustang<br />
from K-10 to K-16. 46 The citation which accompanied Marshall’s award described<br />
the incident thus:<br />
Despite poor visibility and in the face of withering enemy ground fire, Lieutenant Marshall,<br />
without hesitation and with complete disregard <strong>for</strong> personal safety made successive hazardous<br />
attacks with relentless accuracy on the enemy positions. In an exceptional display<br />
of aggressiveness and aeronautical skill he engineered the attacks of his flight with such<br />
outstanding airmanship that the optimum damage was inflicted against the enemy without<br />
the loss of one of his aircraft. 47<br />
Airfield Neutralisation<br />
Aerial photographs taken on 6 June showed all the North Korean airfields to be<br />
unserviceable, but a few days of bad weather gave them time to catch up with the<br />
damage caused by the FEAF raids. At least one airfield, Sariwon, became operational<br />
<strong>for</strong> light aircraft and on 14 June CCAF started with the type of harassment successfully<br />
used by the Russians against the Germans in the Second World War. PO-2<br />
Polikarpov biplanes (canvas covered open cockpit trainers) were sent late at night or<br />
early in the morning to catch 5 th Air Force aircraft being prepared by ground crews.<br />
The damage that could be inflicted by these small lone-flying aircraft was relatively<br />
slight, but their nuisance value was considerable. They were nicknamed ‘Bed Check<br />
45<br />
SAMAD, War Dairies (Korea), Box 4, 2 Squadron War Diary, 24 June 1951; Box 16, Debriefing<br />
Forms SAAF220, 24 June 1951.<br />
46<br />
SAMAD, War Dairies (Korea), Box 5, 2 Squadron War Diary, 1-2 July 1951.<br />
47<br />
SAMAD, War Dairies (Korea), Box 5, 2 Squadron War Diary, July 1951 Appendix “A”: Citation <strong>for</strong><br />
the immediate award of the Distinguished Flying Cross to Lt G.H. Marshall.