National Experiences - British Commission for Military History
National Experiences - British Commission for Military History
National Experiences - British Commission for Military History
You also want an ePaper? Increase the reach of your titles
YUMPU automatically turns print PDFs into web optimized ePapers that Google loves.
226 ai r p o w e r in 20 t H Ce n t u ry do C t r i n e s a n d em p l o y m e n t - nat i o n a l ex p e r i e n C e s<br />
where the Ceausescu regime had been brought down. In 1992, an F-27 detachment<br />
spent almost six months in Southeast Asia to carry out transport flights from Thailand<br />
<strong>for</strong> the UN mission in Cambodia. The F-27s were also deployed to support the<br />
F-16 detachment in Villafranca, Italy, and they carried out human relief flights and<br />
(medical) evacuations in the Balkans. From 1994, the air transport task <strong>for</strong> humanitarian<br />
missions was carried out by the C-130s, including Rwanda in 1994, Angola<br />
in 1995, the Caribbean in 1995 and 1998, and by the KDC-10s, including Iran in<br />
1997, Afghanistan in 1998 and Central America in 2001. These new transport aircraft<br />
greatly improved the RNLAF’s capabilities <strong>for</strong> providing strategic air transport<br />
and support to Dutch military missions at large distances from the Netherlands. The<br />
air-to-air refuelling capability of the two KDC-10s was another big step <strong>for</strong>ward.<br />
The multifunctional tanker aircraft proved their value in the Kosovo crisis in 1999<br />
and later during operation Enduring Freedom and the ISAF mission in Afghanistan.<br />
As mentioned be<strong>for</strong>e in this article, helicopter operations became increasingly<br />
important to the RNLAF’s international operations. In the years after 1989, this task<br />
was carried out initially by the Alouette III and the Bölkow, <strong>for</strong> instance in Iraq,<br />
Cambodia and in the Balkans. The new transport and combat helicopters took over<br />
this task at a later stage. A Chinook detachment provided humanitarian aid to the<br />
Kosovar refugees in Macedonia and Albania in 1999, and a detachment consisting<br />
of four CH-47s was deployed to the Horn of Africa from 2000 to 2001 in the context<br />
of the United Nations Mission in Ethiopia and Eritrea (UNMEE). Between 2001 and<br />
2004, Cougar and Chinook detachments rotated within the framework of the Implementation<br />
Force (IFOR) and the Stabilisation Force (SFOR) in Bosnia Herzegovina.<br />
This was to be repeated between 2003 and 2005 in the context of the Stabilisation<br />
Force Iraq (SFIR), from Tallil Air Base in southern Iraq. This rotating system of<br />
Cougars and Chinooks was to be applied again in Afghanistan, at Kandahar Airfield<br />
between 2006 and 2010. The transport helicopters were assigned the whole of South<br />
Afghanistan as their area of operations. As had been the case with the deployment of<br />
transport helicopters, the deployment of Dutch combat helicopters was highly valued<br />
by both the Dutch ground <strong>for</strong>ces and by the international coalition partners. Apache<br />
helicopters were deployed to Bosnia (1998-1999), Djibouti (2001), Iraq (2004-2005)<br />
and Afghanistan (2004-2005, 2006-2010) respectively. 1 June 2006 witnessed the<br />
first deployment in combat action of a Dutch AH-64D in Uruzgan. Since that time,<br />
the Dutch Apaches frequently used their weapon systems to support Dutch troops on<br />
the ground in combat. They demonstrated their effectiveness in providing Close Air<br />
Support. The Apaches, on various occasions, succeeded in relieving ground troops<br />
who were under fire.<br />
In 2011, the Netherlands will boast a century of experience with the military deployment<br />
of the aircraft. Until 1940, the development of the Dutch national air arm<br />
took place, both literally and figuratively, within its own “narrow” borders. The politics<br />
of non-involvement, the generally limited (financial) resources and the views of<br />
the military establishment led to a modest position of the air arm in the Netherlands,