National Experiences - British Commission for Military History
National Experiences - British Commission for Military History
National Experiences - British Commission for Military History
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tH e so u t H af r i C a n air fo r C e: Hi s t o r i C a l notes a n d in v o lv e m e n t in t H e ko r e a n wa r 273<br />
6500 Women’s Auxiliaries), had 35 operational squadrons and operated 33 different<br />
aircraft types. As part of the Allied Joint Air Training Scheme, more than 33 347 pilots<br />
were trained at the 38 air schools set up around Southern Africa. Of these 12 221<br />
flew <strong>for</strong> the SAAF while many South Africans also served in the <strong>British</strong> Royal Air<br />
Force. 8 Operationally a high priority was awarded to control over the vital sea route<br />
around the Cape. The SAAF provided valuable assistance to naval units in keeping<br />
the strategic shipping lanes clear of Axis warships and submarines and flew more<br />
than 15 000 coastal patrol missions during the war. The SAAF first went into action<br />
against the Italians in the Horn of Africa (Abyssinia), moving from there to the<br />
Western Desert theatre in North Africa. In Abyssinia SAAF set about neutralising<br />
the Italian air <strong>for</strong>ce in the area (Italy was then part of the Axis Forces) flying 5000<br />
sorties, destroying 71 enemy aircraft in combat and at least 70 in attacks on airfields,<br />
while their losses were 79 pilots and aircrew dead and 5 missing in action. 9 South<br />
African pilots established a reputation <strong>for</strong> valour and determination and their valuable<br />
contribution to the Desert Air Force (North Africa) in 1942 can be judged from<br />
the fact that on D+1 of the El Alamein attack, No 3 Wing of the SAAF flew 133 of<br />
the 174 bomber sorties, while the four fighter squadrons flew 1 377 sorties (106 a<br />
day) between 19 and 31 October. 10 In addition the SAAF also made vital contributions<br />
to the campaigns in the Mediterranean, the Balkans, Italy and flew very demanding<br />
missions, parachuting supplies to the Polish Home Army in Warsaw during<br />
August and September 1944.<br />
As a result of the altered strategic situation after the end of the war, the Russians<br />
closed all access to West Berlin in June 1948 and the vast amounts of provisions<br />
the city required had to be provided by air. From October 1948 onwards 20 SAAF<br />
aircrews joined other air <strong>for</strong>ces in the “Berlin Air Bridge” (which lasted into 1949)<br />
flying thousands of tons of food and coal into Berlin. 11<br />
The Korean War<br />
After open conflict broke out in Korea in 1950 the South African government<br />
availed 2 Squadron of the SAAF (with 49 officers and 157 airmen) to serve with<br />
the United Nations <strong>for</strong>ces in Korea. The “Flying Cheetahs” as they were called, left<br />
South Africa on 27 September <strong>for</strong> the Johnson Air Force Base in Tokyo, where they<br />
converted to F-51D Mustangs be<strong>for</strong>e travelling on to Korea. In 1953 they traded<br />
their surviving Mustangs <strong>for</strong> the F86F Sabre. 12 During the Korean conflict the Flying<br />
Cheetahs carried out 12 405 operational flights with Mustang and Sabre aircraft<br />
while aircraft losses amounted to 79. In total 826 South Africans served in Korea, of<br />
8 H. Heitman, Suid-Afrikaanse Krygsmag, p. 57.<br />
9 K.A. Maxwell and J.M. Smith, SA Air Force Golden Jubilee Book, p. 42.<br />
10 H. Heitman, South African Armed Forces, Buffalo Publications, Cape Town, 1990, p. 55.<br />
11 P. Moorcraft, Africa’s Super Power, p. 138.<br />
12 H. Heitman, South African Armed Forces, p. 57.