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218 ai r p o w e r in 20 t H Ce n t u ry do C t r i n e s a n d em p l o y m e n t - nat i o n a l ex p e r i e n C e s ment processes of these four air force pillars – combat aircraft, guided weapons, transport aircraft and helicopters – followed their own patterns. Even though the air force leadership recognised and acknowledged the individual importance and raison d’être of these four pillars, for a long time, they were not considered as equally important. During the Cold War, the RNLAF accorded priority to the combat aircraft and, to a lesser extent, to the guided weapons. After the fall of the Berlin Wall, the emphasis shifted more and more to air transport and helicopter operations. Until the 1970s, the RNLAF’s combat aircraft were divided over two separate commands: one of which focused on air defence, and the other on the conduct of tactical tasks, the principal ones being attacking ground targets, providing support to ground troops and conducting (photo) reconnaissance. Specific types of fighter aircraft were selected for the various tasks. The British-made air defence fighters were assigned to the Commando Luchtverdediging, (CLV, Air Defence Command), which had several squadrons operating from the air bases of Leeuwarden, Twenthe, Soesterberg and Ypenburg. The US-made tactical fighter bombers came under the Commando Tactische Luchtstrijdkrachten (CTL, Tactical Air Command); the squadrons were stationed at the air bases of Eindhoven and Volkel. The fighter aircraft of the two commands were gradually integrated into the NATO alliance. The integration of the tactical squadrons in particular proceeded smoothly; they rapidly came under Allied command and were integrated in 1952 into the multinational Second Allied Tactical Air Force, headquartered in Rheindahlen, Germany. The advent of the F-104G Starfighter in 1962 was an important step towards the standardisation of the air fleet. The F-104 fulfilled both air defence and tactical roles. Partly as a result of that, 1973 saw the amalgamation of the Air Defence Command and the Tactical Air Command into a single command for all operational combat units under the name of Commando Tactische Luchtstrijdkrachten (Tactical Air Command). The F-16, from the 1980s onwards, proved a worthy successor to the Starfighter, also owing to the fact that it had excellent multi-role capabilities, much more so than its predecessor. Seeing that the F-16 was also to take over the tasks of the NF-5 fighter bomber, which had been phased out at the beginning of the 1990s, the standardisation process by transfer of tasks to one fighter aircraft had been effected at the end of the Cold War period. At the beginning of the 1960s, the Dutch armed forces were assigned six (tactical) nuclear tasks on top of its conventional tasks, as part of the NATO strategy. Two of these nuclear tasks were to be carried out by the RNLAF. 311 Squadron and 312 Squadron, which were both stationed at Volkel Air Base, were assigned a fighter bomber strike task, and so made a contribution to NATO’s offensive nuclear air forces. The pilots of the two squadrons were subjected to an intensive retraining programme in order to master the techniques of launching tactical nuclear weapons. The aircraft – initially the Thunderstreak, followed by the Starfighter and finally the F-16 – were modified to be able to carry out the strike task using atom bombs. The second nuclear air force task was of a defensive nature and was assigned to
a Ce n t u ry o f mi l i ta ry av i at i o n in t H e ne t H e r l a n d s, 1911-2011 219 During the Cold War the RNLAF deployed two Guided Missile Groups with Nike missiles in West Germany. These SAMs could be armed with both conventional and nuclear warheads.
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National Experiences - British Commission for Military History

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