National Experiences - British Commission for Military History
National Experiences - British Commission for Military History
National Experiences - British Commission for Military History
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240 ai r p o w e r in 20 t H Ce n t u ry do C t r i n e s a n d em p l o y m e n t - nat i o n a l ex p e r i e n C e s<br />
abandonment of this enterprise. Still in 1961 an attack on S. Domingos took place<br />
which resulted in four injuries and another attack was held in Tite, opposite Bissau<br />
with a military casualty. The ef<strong>for</strong>t of the rebel movement was initially directed<br />
towards its internal organization, staff training of political and military leaders, <strong>for</strong><br />
the recruitment of combatants, <strong>for</strong> its deployment on the ground, <strong>for</strong> ideologi cal<br />
indoctrination, <strong>for</strong> military training, <strong>for</strong> the isolation of some areas cutting its access<br />
routes, with mines and abatis; in the early years of its existence, the expression of<br />
the rebel <strong>for</strong>ce was not very visible from the outside. The violent actions were too<br />
few. On the contrary of what happened in Angola, there was only one movement;<br />
immediately after the initial phase of rebellion, the African Party <strong>for</strong> the Independence<br />
of Guinea and Cape Verde, which initially had another name, set aside other<br />
movements with the less international support, which had meanwhile appeared, and<br />
from now on had hegemonic position.<br />
The Portuguese air power in the province was less than rudimentary, in 1961; it<br />
consisted of a small number of T-6G and of Auster planes. In the face of potential instability,<br />
the Air Force sent to Bissau 8 F-86F aircraft and its weaponry. The “ferry”<br />
of these aircrafts, which consisted of an im portant operation with some risk attached<br />
to it, began on 15th August 1961, using the Spanish base of Gando, in the Canary<br />
Islands, and the airfield of Sal in Cape Verde, and was supported by P2V5, C-54 and<br />
DC-6 airplanes and by Navy vessels, in support of navigation, search and rescue<br />
and trans port of support equipment. In the planning of this mission three hypotheses<br />
were considered <strong>for</strong> intermediate support points: Porto Santo – Canary Islands - Sal;<br />
Canary Islands - Sal; and in a direct flight from Montijo in mainland to Sal. For all<br />
the plans it was considered the use of four external fuel tanks, a configuration that<br />
had never been experienced earlier; the last possibility (direct flight to Sal) considered<br />
the compulsory ejection of the four external tanks during flight, after the fuel<br />
was used up, with the ulti mate part of the route to be flown at 42,000 feet. At the end<br />
of the study, the latter solution was chosen, with transit through the Canaries, which<br />
was the safest solution.<br />
These aircraft began immediately to implement actions of sovereignty with flights<br />
over the entire territory, patrol of river and land communication routes, demonstration<br />
of presence in the air, constituting themselves as a deterrent <strong>for</strong>ce of great importance.<br />
In the meantime the ground <strong>for</strong>ces organization was expanding, with installation<br />
of ground units, made with great caution, but with no serious difficulties during<br />
the deployment operations, besides the problems with obstacles, minefields and<br />
traps placed in their respective accesses. In a relatively small area of about 32,000<br />
square kilometres, flat, covered with <strong>for</strong>est <strong>for</strong> the most part, cut by numerous rivers,<br />
sea inlets and channels, over eighty bases of ground <strong>for</strong>ces were constituted, which<br />
number continued to increase, and over seventy air strips <strong>for</strong> the operation of light<br />
aircraft were prepared. On the contrary, the F-86F operated during its stay until mid-<br />
October 1964 (withdrawn from the theatre of war by American imposition) from