National Experiences - British Commission for Military History
National Experiences - British Commission for Military History
National Experiences - British Commission for Military History
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a Ce n t u ry o f mi l i ta ry av i at i o n in t H e ne t H e r l a n d s, 1911-2011 221<br />
by twelve Fokker F-27 Friendships, with a maximum range of 2,500 kilometres and<br />
a maximum payload of approximately 3,000 kilograms. In addition to these transport<br />
aircraft, Fokker also provided various series of training aircraft and built, under<br />
licence, a considerable number of fighter aircraft <strong>for</strong> the RNLAF during the Cold<br />
War period. Fokker’s batch production and assembly building of, among others, the<br />
Gloster Meteor, Hawker Hunter, F-104 Starfighter and the F-16 gave an enormous<br />
boost to the post-war recovery of the domestic aircraft industry sector in the Netherlands.<br />
With the introduction of the Hiller H-23B Raven in 1955, the helicopter made its<br />
debut in the ranks of the RNLAF. The rotary-wing aircraft were assigned to Light<br />
Aircraft Group (LAG) squadrons, an element that, until the 1970s, was also responsible<br />
<strong>for</strong> various types of fixed-wing light aircraft. Of all air <strong>for</strong>ce units, the LAG<br />
was the element that worked together most closely with the army. If, in peace time,<br />
the RNLAF had the operational command over the Light Aircraft Group, in wartime<br />
and during exercises, operational command switched to the commander of 1<br />
Army Corps. The range of tasks of the LAG was gradually extended during the Cold<br />
War. Starting in the 1950s with transport and communications flights, the LAG was<br />
later tasked with carrying out reconnaissance flights and supporting army exercises.<br />
With the replacement of the Hiller in the 1960s by the Sud Aviation Alouette II and<br />
Alouette III helicopters and the advent of the MBB Bölkow Bo-105C helicopter<br />
from 1975, the deployment scope was expanded even further. From the 1970s, area<br />
surveillance, liaison missions, artillery fire control, medical evacuations and <strong>for</strong>ward<br />
air control (FAC) were added to the LAG’s tasks.<br />
The end of the Cold War necessitated a fundamental “rethink” of the role of the<br />
armed <strong>for</strong>ces. For the RNLAF, the new focus of the Dutch defence policy manifested<br />
itself mainly in the purchase of a new air transport fleet and the introduction of more<br />
effective helicopter weapon systems. The latter led to the procurement of light and<br />
medium-heavy transport helicopters, later followed by the influx of attack helicopters.<br />
The fall of the Berlin Wall and the dissolution of the Warsaw Pact ushered in a<br />
period of drastic downsizing and restructuring of the Dutch armed <strong>for</strong>ces. The “cashing<br />
in on the peace dividend”, which was to be incorporated in the defence policy of<br />
consecutive governments of various political persuasions, also had a strong impact<br />
on the RNLAF. This coincided with a period in which the Netherlands was pursuing<br />
an active <strong>for</strong>eign policy, as a result of which the armed <strong>for</strong>ces not only carried<br />
out a large number of humanitarian missions, but also made a sizeable contribution<br />
to crisis response operations in Europe, the Middle East, Africa and Asia. Thus, the<br />
armed <strong>for</strong>ces were confronted with the apparent paradox of having to vastly improve<br />
its per<strong>for</strong>mance while being given substantially fewer resources to do so.<br />
The reorganisations and the spending cuts, in combination with the numerous international<br />
missions in which the Netherlands participated, required the trans<strong>for</strong>mation<br />
of the air <strong>for</strong>ce into an organisation that was tailored to the new circumstances.