POVERTY REDUCTION STRATEGY TN

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Based on this, the gender development index (GDI) is derived. The districts are arranged in ascending order of GDI such that the lowest ranked state is listed first and the highest ranked state is listed at the end. Here also the worst off districts are Dharmapuri, Villupuram, Krishnagiri and Thiruvannamalai. Districts Table 4.3: Gender Development Index Life Expectancy at Birth Literacy Rate Gross Enrolment Ratio Per Capita Income (PPP$) GDI Male Female Male Female Male Female Male Female Rank Dharmapuri 68.5 71.1 73.6 53.5 85.1 80.4 3297.9 1124.8 0.640 30 Villupuram 69.6 75.6 81.3 58.0 81.3 77.9 2706.4 2706.4 0.651 29 Krishnagiri 68.3 76.6 75.0 53.5 80.8 80.7 3298.3 1124.9 0.654 28 Thiruvannamalai 69.3 74.6 85.6 61.4 80.7 78.2 3075.1 990.5 0.662 27 Perambalur 73.4 70.1 83.1 59.2 85.9 84.4 4391.3 1399.5 0.680 26 Sivagangai 66.2 74.5 89.5 67.7 88.1 85.5 4038.7 1247.0 0.686 25 Ramanathapuram 66.9 72.5 88.7 69.3 86.5 82.2 4401.0 1361.7 0.686 24 Pudukkottai 70.9 73.2 89.0 66.4 86.8 84.4 3676.2 1160.4 0.688 23 Dindigul 66.9 72.5 85.9 64.6 87.7 86.3 4965.5 1613.3 0.691 22 Cuddallore 69.4 74.3 88.5 66.4 88.6 88.2 3727.9 1211.9 0.693 21 Vellore 68.3 75.3 88.4 69.2 83.0 81.3 4319.1 1388.0 0.697 20 Thanjavur 71.2 72.7 91.4 73.0 83.7 84.6 3757.0 1179.4 0.698 19 Namakkal 67.8 72.1 83.4 62.1 97.5 95.0 5143.9 1705.9 0.700 18 Thiruvarur 70.3 75.2 91.5 74.6 84.9 85.2 3571.3 1129.1 0.704 17 Salem 70.2 78.7 80.5 60.6 87.6 89.2 4434.2 1529.4 0.706 16 Erode 71.4 74.9 80.7 60.3 86.9 85.8 5510.0 1817.1 0.706 15 Theni 67.0 71.9 88.2 66.9 94.5 89.3 5982.0 1959.5 0.711 14 Tiruchirapalli 70.2 75.6 93.2 77.6 79.8 79.9 4508.8 1443.3 0.718 13 Karur 74.8 78.9 86.0 62.5 88.6 86.7 4444.2 1410.2 0.721 12 Nagapattinam 72.7 77.0 91.5 74.6 88.8 85.6 3931.6 1241.9 0.723 11 Virudhunagar 66.8 73.0 90.5 69.9 90.1 86.8 7147.9 2263.1 0.724 10 Thirunelveli 69.6 73.6 91.8 74.7 92.4 89.9 5233.0 1609.3 0.724 9 The Nilgiris 68.6 78.3 95.8 80.0 80.9 80.0 4911.4 1551.6 0.731 8 Madurai 69.6 78.4 93.2 76.2 94.1 93.5 5196.1 1702.4 0.747 7 Kanniyakumari 70.8 74.5 97.2 93.1 90.5 90.1 4432.3 1401.0 0.749 6 Thiruvallur 72.4 79.3 90.5 74.3 85.7 86.4 6239.2 2058.4 0.755 5 Coimbatore 70.8 77.5 89.6 76.1 93.7 94.9 7050.6 2345.8 0.764 4 Kanchipuram 74.0 79.4 90.7 76.5 85.3 88.4 6471.4 2127.8 0.765 3 Thoothukudi 75.4 82.2 94.8 82.4 86.7 83.4 6101.2 1861.4 0.779 2 Chennai 82.0 88.6 90.6 82.1 83.4 87.5 8148.7 2728.6 0.832 1 Tamil Nadu 70.4 75.7 88.0 70.4 89.3 88.3 5063.0 1643.2 0.722 Source: Government of Tamil Nadu (2007), Eleventh Five Year Plan, State Planning Commission. Note: Years for various indicators are the same as in Table 4.1. For details see the Eleventh Five Year Plan Document. In regard to the components of gender deficiency, as far as life expectancy at birth in concerned relative to the Tamil Nadu average, the lowest performing districts are Perambalur, Thanjavur, Pudukkottai and Dharmapuri. Perambalur is also the lowest as far as female literacy is concerned. For GER, Dharmapuri, Theni and Ramanathapuram are generally placed at the lower end in gender related indices. In respect of per capita income, female earnings are the lowest in Thoothukudi, Thirunelveli and Sivagangai. In respect of variation relative to the average, variation is least for GER, followed by life expectancy at birth and literacy (Table 4.4 and Appendix Table 4.2). 78
Table 4.4: Index of Gender Deficiency: Ten Most Deficient Districts Life Index Literacy Index Enrolment Index Per capita Index Expectancy Rate Ratio Income Perambalur 88.82 Perambalur 89.05 Dharmapuri 95.55 Thoothukudi 94.01 Thanjavur 94.96 Krishnagiri 89.17 Theni 95.57 Thirunelveli 94.76 Pudukkottai 96.02 Villupuram 89.18 Ramanathapuram 96.11 Sivagangai 95.14 Dharmapuri 96.53 Thiruvannamalai 89.66 Villupuram 96.90 Ramanathapuram 95.33 Erode 97.56 Karur 90.84 Thoothukudi 97.28 Thanjavur 96.72 Kanniyakumari 97.86 Dharmapuri 90.86 Virudhunagar 97.43 Pudukkottai 97.26 Karur 98.10 Namakkal 93.08 Nagapattinam 97.49 Nagapattinam 97.33 Thirunelveli 98.34 Pudukkottai 93.26 Thiruvannamalai 98.00 The Nilgiris 97.34 Nagapattinam 98.50 Erode 93.40 Sivagangai 98.15 Kanniyakumari 97.39 Namakkal 98.90 Cuddallore 93.79 Pudukkottai 98.34 Thiruvarur 97.41 Source: Government of Tamil Nadu (2007), Eleventh Five Year Plan, State Planning Commission. Note: All districts are shown in Appendix Table 4.2. 4.3 Selected Demographic Characteristics of Districts In order to meet the MDGs, the districts also need to be identified where the need is relatively more. We first look at demographic dimensions, which require a larger focus on the neediest districts. In Table 4.5, a ranking of districts in terms of percentage of population in the range of 0-6 years is given. The larger the percent of children, the lower is the ranking of the district in the index value, which is calculated in the context of an all India perspective. These data are based on a compilation of International Institute of Population Sciences (2006) (see Annexure 4.2 for methodology and definitions). Districts like Dharmapuri, Ariyalur, Pudukkottai, and Ramanathapuram have the largest number of young children. In regard to birth order of 3 and above, districts that show the highest percentage and therefore the lowest index values are Nagapattinam, Villupuram and Ariyalur. Data for all Tamil Nadu districts are given in Appendix Table 4.3. Table 4.5: Demography Related Disabilities: Ten Most Deficient Districts Districts % of Population 0-6 % Index Population Value 0-6 Districts % of Birth order 3 and Above % of Birth Index Value Order 3+ Dharmapuri 12.9 0.609 Nagapattinam 36.6 0.599 Ariyalur 12.3 0.644 Villupuram 35.9 0.611 Pudukkottai 12.1 0.659 Ariyalur 35.8 0.612 Ramanathapuram 12.0 0.663 Thoothukudi 35.3 0.621 Villupuram 12.0 0.661 Vellore 35.3 0.621 Cuddallore 11.9 0.669 Pudukkottai 34.8 0.629 Perambalur 11.7 0.679 Ramanathapuram 34.5 0.633 Vellore 11.7 0.677 Dharmapuri 34.4 0.635 Nagapattinam 11.6 0.684 Thiruvannamalai 34.3 0.637 Thiruvannamalai 11.5 0.693 Cuddallore 33.3 0.653 Source: Ranking and mapping of districts, International Institute of Population Sciences (2006), Bombay. Note: All districts are shown in Appendix Table 4.3. 79
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MONOGRAPH 6/2010 MDGs-BASED POVERTY
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MONOGRAPH 6/2010 March 2010 Price:
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CONTENTS Acknowledgements Contents
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List of Tables Table 1.1 Millennium
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Table 5.10 Status of Urban Water Su
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Appendix 1.12 Maternal Mortality an
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MDGs-Based Poverty Reduction: Main
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. In terms of share of below povert
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of expenditure on public goods like
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households or individuals. For each
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Chapter 1 ISSUES AND INITIAL CONDIT
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The first three goals relate to era
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. Poverty in Tamil Nadu: Inter-stat
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and the urban poverty ratio was sli
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the total poor accounted for a prog
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physical development of people. Mor
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Table 1.11: Millennium Development
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indicates that Tamil Nadu will achi
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However, there is a scope for meeti
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status of malnutrition. The accepte
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The under-five mortality rate-U5MR
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(iv) HIV/AIDS, Malaria and Other Di
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3. While Tami Nadu has done compara
Page 49 and 50: Chapter 2 REDUCING POVERTY: THE MAC
Page 51 and 52: est of the economy indicates the ex
Page 53 and 54: share of the tertiary sector in Tam
Page 55 and 56: Chart 2.1: Sectoral Growth in Tamil
Page 57 and 58: policies are in place to absorb lar
Page 59 and 60: In the context of interface between
Page 61 and 62: Table 2.7: Decomposition of the Hea
Page 63 and 64: Dutt are not so relevant for predic
Page 65 and 66: The SDE estimates vary across the s
Page 67 and 68: Chart 2.3 highlights that agricultu
Page 69 and 70: 2.6 Summary In summary the followin
Page 71 and 72: Chapter 3 FISCAL REFORMS FOR POVERT
Page 73 and 74: Bardhan (1996) emphasizes that ofte
Page 75 and 76: atio of government employees to pop
Page 77 and 78: Table 3.2: Tamil Nadu in Inter-stat
Page 79 and 80: Chart 3.4: Own Tax Revenues Relativ
Page 81 and 82: collected by state-owned enterprise
Page 83 and 84: Chart 3.5: Capital Outlay as percen
Page 85 and 86: The Fiscal Policy Strategy Statemen
Page 87 and 88: f. Pension and Salary Expenditures
Page 89 and 90: 10 it is kept at 40 percent to acco
Page 91 and 92: Government of Tamil Nadu has to sub
Page 93 and 94: Chapter 4 COPING WITH SPATIAL IMBAL
Page 95 and 96: In order to focus on the deficient
Page 97 and 98: Chart 4.2 indicates the arrangement
Page 99: Chart 4.5: Human Development Index:
Page 103 and 104: Districts Table 4.7: Health Facilit
Page 105 and 106: Regarding access costs in availing
Page 107 and 108: 4.6 Incidence of Poverty: District
Page 109 and 110: district followed by Villupuram and
Page 111 and 112: household willing to do public work
Page 113 and 114: Districts Table 4.13: Implementatio
Page 115 and 116: Table 4.14: Share of BPL Population
Page 117 and 118: Table 4.16: Block -wise Gross Acces
Page 119 and 120: Table 4.18: Block-wise IMR in Thiru
Page 121 and 122: 8. For provision of safe drinking w
Page 123 and 124: Chapter 5 WATER, LAND AND AGRICULTU
Page 125 and 126: 5.2 Water: Key Issues in Tamil Nadu
Page 127 and 128: Table 5.3: Sources of Water Supply
Page 129 and 130: funding under the Water Resources C
Page 131 and 132: In 2006-7, 65.83 percent of habitat
Page 133 and 134: the major cause for poor maintenanc
Page 135 and 136: about 30 litre per capita per day (
Page 137 and 138: 2006-07). However, total area under
Page 139 and 140: nearly 3.5 times as high as the pri
Page 141 and 142: 5.4 Agriculture: Key Issues Agricul
Page 143 and 144: Table 5.19: Productivity (Yield) of
Page 145 and 146: Only rice and sugarcane received ir
Page 147 and 148: iv. There are severe water quality
Page 149 and 150: Chapter 6 LAST MILE REACH STRATEGIE
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targeting as a device to improve ef
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eneficiaries and of delivering prog
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In the nighbourhood of the poverty
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inefficiencies. Some of the major c
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Tamil Nadu is close to achieving un
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programmes. It is the only Self Emp
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districts in Tamil Nadu. Namadhu Gr
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6.5 Reaching Households and Individ
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proposition more insurable, a group
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line to post-office saving banks or
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each the urban poor who live in slu
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Eleventh Plan (2007) observes: “O
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i. provide financial assistance for
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unemployed or underemployed poor by
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Services Prepare detailed water sup
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Chapter 7 SUMMARY AND FORMULATION O
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positive and relatively high. The b
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3. In terms of composition of BPL p
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holdings are smaller than 4 hectare
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There are considerable inter-distri
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Table 7.1: Adjustment during 2007-0
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R i =(I a +I max -I i )/(I a +I max
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line to post-office saving banks or
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d. Targeting As far as rural areas
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7.6 Urban Poverty Reduction Strateg
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Fund, GoTN has created Tamil Nadu I
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Some initiative by Government of Ta
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• Addressing urban poverty allevi
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land. There is need to develop a sc
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REFERENCES Agarwal, S.P. (2005),
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Deaton, Angus and Alessandro Tarozz
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Himmelfarb, G. (1984), The Idea of
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Report of the Working Group on Urba
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APPENDIX TABLES Appendix Table 1.1:
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Appendix Table 1.1 (contd.): Millen
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Appendix Table 1.2 (a): Poverty Lin
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Appendix Table 1.3: Poverty Gap Est
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Appendix Table 1.5: Head Count Rati
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Appendix Table 1.6 (contd.): Progre
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Appendix Table 1.8: Women’s Malnu
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Appendix Table 1.10: Child Mortalit
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Appendix Table 1.11 (contd.): State
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Appendix Table1.12 (contd.): Matern
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Appendix Table 2.3: Decomposition o
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and Publicity Relief from Natural C
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Appendix Table 4.3: Demography Rela
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Appendix Table 4.5: Health Faciliti
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Sl. No Appendix Table 4.7: Efficien
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Appendix Table 4.9: Employment unde
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Appendix Table 5.1: Major and Mediu
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Appendix Table 7.1: Indices for Dis
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ANNEXURES 231
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Monotonicity Sensitivity Axiom Mono
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component of the poverty line is th
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Fuchs (1969), while advocating the
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H = m/n (2) The head count ratio ig
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Annexure 1.3 UNIFORM RECALL PERIOD
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‣ Periyar became Erode; ‣ Tirun
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Women Receiving 3 Or More ANC Visit
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In Sivagangai, as per 2001 census,
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Table 4.3: Block wise Gender Wise G
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Block Table 4.6: Trained Teachers a
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Annexure 5.1 ENVIRONMENTAL CONSEQUE
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Annexure 6.1 NOTES ON SELECTED CENT
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10. Kasturba Gandhi Balika Vidyalay
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