POVERTY REDUCTION STRATEGY TN

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internet facilities to the various offices through ELCOT. An outlay of Rs.1.50 crore is proposed for implementation of this scheme during the Eleventh Plan period 6.9 Summary Last mile reach strategies are aimed at catering to those poor who are unable to take full advantage of the general growth processes and fiscal interventions. In order to ensure that they reach minimum acceptable levels of the MDGs, there is a need specialised programmes, identifying the targeted sections of population, allocate suitable funds, and administer the programmes. While a large array of central and centrally sponsored schemes serves to provide the last mile reach, there are issues about inefficient fund allocation, overlapping and multiplicity of schemes, by-passing of states, and implementation inefficiencies. The central initiatives also need to be complemented by state schemes that cater to their specific needs. In the case of Tamil Nadu, three thrust areas are important: (a) secondary and higher education, (b) tackling urban poverty, and (c) provision of safe drinking water. In this Chapter, it is suggested that geographic targeting, leading to identification of districts, blocks/urban agglomerations, villages/zones/slums, and finally households/individuals would be the most effective strategy of targeting. Allocation of funds to take into account the share of targeted beneficiary population in the concerned unit and the extent of relative deficiency. Allocations have to be with reference to specific goals relating to income deficiency, health, education and gender, rather than on the basis of aggregate and weighted indices. For improving implementation and allocation efficiency, extensive use of information and communication technologies are to be made. 158
Chapter 7 SUMMARY AND FORMULATION OF <strong>POVERTY</strong> <strong>REDUCTION</strong> STRATEGIES This chapter has three parts. The first part provides a summary of the findings of the earlier chapters. In the light of these findings, the second part highlights the main challenges and considerations in designing the overall MDGs-based poverty reduction strategy for Tamil Nadu. The third part, details the poverty reduction strategy (PRS) for Tamil Nadu both for the state and the district level. The PRS is in three parts: state level PRS for rural areas (SPRS-R), district level PRS (DPRS-R) for rural areas, and poverty reduction strategy for urban areas (UPRS). 7.1 Summary of Findings a. Trends in Poverty Reduction Trends in poverty reduction in Tamil Nadu over time and in comparison to other states are summarised as follows: 1. Reduction in rural poverty in Tamil Nadu accelerated after 1983. During the period from 1983 to 2004-05, rural poverty head count ratio in Tamil Nadu fell by nearly 30 percentage points whereas the corresponding reduction in the all-India rural head count ratio was only 17 percentage points. 2. Reduction in urban poverty in Tamil Nadu picked up sharply after 1993-94 but the fall in the head count ratio during 1993-94 to 2004-05 was much less in Tamil Nadu compared to the corresponding reduction in the all-India poverty urban head count ratio. 3. Tamil Nadu has done comparatively better than most other states in reducing the combined poverty. The overall head count ratio at 22.5 in 2004-05 is nearly 5 percentage points below the all-India figure at 27.5. At the same time, in 2004- 05 several states in India including two southern states viz., Andhra Pradesh and Kerala had a considerably lower overall poverty head count ratio. 4. The absolute number of urban poor in Tamil Nadu is more in 2004-05 as compared to 1973-74. There is a discernable trend toward urbanisation of poverty, measured by the percentage urban poor to total poor, which has increased over time. In 1973-74 nearly 30 percent of total poor in Tami Nadu were urban poor. In 2004-05, nearly 47.5 percent of total poor are urban poor in Tamil Nadu. 5. Despite the progress achieved in reducing income poverty, hunger poverty/calorie deficiency remains a major problem in Tamil Nadu. 159
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MONOGRAPH 6/2010 MDGs-BASED POVERTY
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MONOGRAPH 6/2010 March 2010 Price:
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CONTENTS Acknowledgements Contents
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List of Tables Table 1.1 Millennium
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Table 5.10 Status of Urban Water Su
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Appendix 1.12 Maternal Mortality an
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MDGs-Based Poverty Reduction: Main
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. In terms of share of below povert
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of expenditure on public goods like
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households or individuals. For each
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Chapter 1 ISSUES AND INITIAL CONDIT
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The first three goals relate to era
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. Poverty in Tamil Nadu: Inter-stat
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and the urban poverty ratio was sli
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the total poor accounted for a prog
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physical development of people. Mor
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Table 1.11: Millennium Development
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indicates that Tamil Nadu will achi
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However, there is a scope for meeti
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status of malnutrition. The accepte
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The under-five mortality rate-U5MR
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(iv) HIV/AIDS, Malaria and Other Di
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3. While Tami Nadu has done compara
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Chapter 2 REDUCING POVERTY: THE MAC
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est of the economy indicates the ex
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share of the tertiary sector in Tam
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Chart 2.1: Sectoral Growth in Tamil
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policies are in place to absorb lar
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In the context of interface between
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Table 2.7: Decomposition of the Hea
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Dutt are not so relevant for predic
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The SDE estimates vary across the s
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Chart 2.3 highlights that agricultu
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2.6 Summary In summary the followin
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Chapter 3 FISCAL REFORMS FOR POVERT
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Bardhan (1996) emphasizes that ofte
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atio of government employees to pop
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Table 3.2: Tamil Nadu in Inter-stat
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Chart 3.4: Own Tax Revenues Relativ
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collected by state-owned enterprise
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Chart 3.5: Capital Outlay as percen
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The Fiscal Policy Strategy Statemen
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f. Pension and Salary Expenditures
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10 it is kept at 40 percent to acco
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Government of Tamil Nadu has to sub
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Chapter 4 COPING WITH SPATIAL IMBAL
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In order to focus on the deficient
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Chart 4.2 indicates the arrangement
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Chart 4.5: Human Development Index:
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Table 4.4: Index of Gender Deficien
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Districts Table 4.7: Health Facilit
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Regarding access costs in availing
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4.6 Incidence of Poverty: District
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district followed by Villupuram and
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household willing to do public work
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Districts Table 4.13: Implementatio
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Table 4.14: Share of BPL Population
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Table 4.16: Block -wise Gross Acces
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Table 4.18: Block-wise IMR in Thiru
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8. For provision of safe drinking w
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Chapter 5 WATER, LAND AND AGRICULTU
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5.2 Water: Key Issues in Tamil Nadu
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Table 5.3: Sources of Water Supply
Page 129 and 130: funding under the Water Resources C
Page 131 and 132: In 2006-7, 65.83 percent of habitat
Page 133 and 134: the major cause for poor maintenanc
Page 135 and 136: about 30 litre per capita per day (
Page 137 and 138: 2006-07). However, total area under
Page 139 and 140: nearly 3.5 times as high as the pri
Page 141 and 142: 5.4 Agriculture: Key Issues Agricul
Page 143 and 144: Table 5.19: Productivity (Yield) of
Page 145 and 146: Only rice and sugarcane received ir
Page 147 and 148: iv. There are severe water quality
Page 149 and 150: Chapter 6 LAST MILE REACH STRATEGIE
Page 151 and 152: targeting as a device to improve ef
Page 153 and 154: eneficiaries and of delivering prog
Page 155 and 156: In the nighbourhood of the poverty
Page 157 and 158: inefficiencies. Some of the major c
Page 159 and 160: Tamil Nadu is close to achieving un
Page 161 and 162: programmes. It is the only Self Emp
Page 163 and 164: districts in Tamil Nadu. Namadhu Gr
Page 165 and 166: 6.5 Reaching Households and Individ
Page 167 and 168: proposition more insurable, a group
Page 169 and 170: line to post-office saving banks or
Page 171 and 172: each the urban poor who live in slu
Page 173 and 174: Eleventh Plan (2007) observes: “O
Page 175 and 176: i. provide financial assistance for
Page 177 and 178: unemployed or underemployed poor by
Page 179: Services Prepare detailed water sup
Page 183 and 184: positive and relatively high. The b
Page 185 and 186: 3. In terms of composition of BPL p
Page 187 and 188: holdings are smaller than 4 hectare
Page 189 and 190: There are considerable inter-distri
Page 191 and 192: Table 7.1: Adjustment during 2007-0
Page 193 and 194: R i =(I a +I max -I i )/(I a +I max
Page 195 and 196: line to post-office saving banks or
Page 197 and 198: d. Targeting As far as rural areas
Page 199 and 200: 7.6 Urban Poverty Reduction Strateg
Page 201 and 202: Fund, GoTN has created Tamil Nadu I
Page 203 and 204: Some initiative by Government of Ta
Page 205 and 206: • Addressing urban poverty allevi
Page 207 and 208: land. There is need to develop a sc
Page 209 and 210: REFERENCES Agarwal, S.P. (2005),
Page 211 and 212: Deaton, Angus and Alessandro Tarozz
Page 213 and 214: Himmelfarb, G. (1984), The Idea of
Page 215 and 216: Report of the Working Group on Urba
Page 217 and 218: APPENDIX TABLES Appendix Table 1.1:
Page 219 and 220: Appendix Table 1.1 (contd.): Millen
Page 221 and 222: Appendix Table 1.2 (a): Poverty Lin
Page 223 and 224: Appendix Table 1.3: Poverty Gap Est
Page 225 and 226: Appendix Table 1.5: Head Count Rati
Page 227 and 228: Appendix Table 1.6 (contd.): Progre
Page 229 and 230: Appendix Table 1.8: Women’s Malnu
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Appendix Table 1.10: Child Mortalit
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Appendix Table 1.11 (contd.): State
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Appendix Table1.12 (contd.): Matern
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Appendix Table 2.3: Decomposition o
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and Publicity Relief from Natural C
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Appendix Table 4.3: Demography Rela
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Appendix Table 4.5: Health Faciliti
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Sl. No Appendix Table 4.7: Efficien
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Appendix Table 4.9: Employment unde
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Appendix Table 5.1: Major and Mediu
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Appendix Table 7.1: Indices for Dis
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ANNEXURES 231
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Monotonicity Sensitivity Axiom Mono
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component of the poverty line is th
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Fuchs (1969), while advocating the
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H = m/n (2) The head count ratio ig
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Annexure 1.3 UNIFORM RECALL PERIOD
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‣ Periyar became Erode; ‣ Tirun
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Women Receiving 3 Or More ANC Visit
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In Sivagangai, as per 2001 census,
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Table 4.3: Block wise Gender Wise G
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Block Table 4.6: Trained Teachers a
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Annexure 5.1 ENVIRONMENTAL CONSEQUE
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Annexure 6.1 NOTES ON SELECTED CENT
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10. Kasturba Gandhi Balika Vidyalay
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