POVERTY REDUCTION STRATEGY TN

More documents

Recommendations

Info

a. Micro Credit Micro credit schemes have succeeded in a significant way in many countries. In India also, these are showing signs of success although the progress may be different in different states. Micro credit is extended to the poor without the need for collateral. It is based more on his participation in the self-help groups. Many banks are now entering this market seeing this as a viable marketing option. Micro credit directed to poor is considered as part of retail banking. The success of the Kisan Credit Card scheme, launched in 1998-99, is an important dimension of micro credit. Extension of this scheme to the informal sector is now being undertaken. The concept of Self Help Groups promoted by NABARD for financing the poor by formal institutions and non-formal institutions was started in 1991-92. The Swarnajayanti Gram Swaryojana (SGSY) facilitates credit linkage with banks for self help groups in rural areas. The Tamil Nadu government provides a subsidy in the form of Revolving Fund (RF) of an amount of Rs. 10000 per SHG. Correspondingly, the banks provide cash credit of up to Rs. 30000 per group. This scheme was earlier made applicable only to rural SHGs. But in 2006-07, Government of Tamil Nadu has implemented the RF subsidy scheme in urban areas also. In 2008-09, the scheme has been extended to all eligible self help groups, totaling to about 1.50 lakh in number. Total number of SHGs is 3.67 lakh of which 1.07 lakh are based in urban areas. The loan repayment rate is 99 percent. Every year, nearly 25000 new SHGs are being formed. Appendix Table 6.1 gives details of physical and financial achievements of self help groups in Tamil Nadu. b. Micro Insurance As discussed in Chapter 2, there is considerable volatility in agricultural prices. Farmers are exposed to large fluctuations in output as well as prices, which leads to variations in agricultural incomes. The element of uncertainty in agriculture is recognised to be far higher than that in other sectors. Analysts say that there are four key aspects to making the micro insurance of the poor a viable business proposition. These relate to affordability, insurability, marketability and profitability. The insurance costs and the related premium need to be kept low in order to ensure affordability. This is one aspect where government subsidies have also been recommended, either directly to the poor for insurance or indirectly to the company/organisation offering insurance. The second aspect relates to risks in insurance. Predictability of the risk is an important aspect in determining its insurability as well as the corresponding premium. For any poor, most risks are high and relate to many aspects of his life. To reduce risks and make the 144
proposition more insurable, a group based approach rather than an individual based approach may reduce the costs of insurance. There are now a number of insurance and pension schemes although so far the approach has been uncoordinated. Table 6.10 presents a range of programs aimed at the unorganised sector, covering about 10 percent of the unorganized labour force for any given type of insurance. There is also a scheme for livestock insurance. This consists mainly of cattle insurance and is being implemented by the four public sector general insurance companies. Under various livestock insurance policies, cover is provided for the sum insured or the market value of the animal whichever is less. The animals are normally insured up to 100 percent of their market value. Table 6.10: Selected Insurance and Pension Programs for the Unorganised Sector Name of the Programme Estimated Type of Risk Covered Memberships Government Universal Health Insurance 1000 Health Central Welfare Funds (5)* 4500 (est) Health, education, housing, other Kerala Welfare Funds (55) 4900 Varies, all kinds Karnataka Labor Welfare Fund 675 Life, health Andhra Pradesh Labor Welfare Fund 1000 Life Tamil Nadu Construction Worker Welfare Fund 631 Life, health, pension, other Tamil Nadu Voluntary Health Service 125 Health Maharashtra Mahadi Workers Fund 150 Life, health, other West Bengal Provident Funds (2)*** 1800 Old age Non-governmental**** LIC - lBY Scheme 3570 Life UTI - Pension Scheme 100 Old age Yashivini - Karnataka 2100 Health Kamna Trust - Karnataka 14 Health Spandana 386 Life Shepherd 15 Life SEW A Gujarat 100 Life, health, pension, other People's Rural Health Promotion Scheme 75 ASA 66 Life and health Sources: Rajan (2004); Roth et. al., (2005); LIC (2006); NCEUS (2006). Notes: * includes the beedi, mica, limestone, iron ore and cine workers funds. * memberships are double counted in some cases since both groups and providers are shown here. *** includes both urban and rural provident funds. **** list is not exhaustive and excludes, among others, life and health insurance for ICICI clients. A National Agricultural Insurance Scheme (NAIS) was introduced from Rabi season of 1999-00, which replaced the earlier Comprehensive Crop Insurance Scheme 145
Page 1:
MONOGRAPH 6/2010 MDGs-BASED POVERTY
Page 5 and 6:
MONOGRAPH 6/2010 March 2010 Price:
Page 7 and 8:
CONTENTS Acknowledgements Contents
Page 9 and 10:
List of Tables Table 1.1 Millennium
Page 11 and 12:
Table 5.10 Status of Urban Water Su
Page 13 and 14:
Appendix 1.12 Maternal Mortality an
Page 15 and 16:
MDGs-Based Poverty Reduction: Main
Page 17 and 18:
. In terms of share of below povert
Page 19 and 20:
of expenditure on public goods like
Page 21 and 22:
households or individuals. For each
Page 23 and 24:
Chapter 1 ISSUES AND INITIAL CONDIT
Page 25 and 26:
The first three goals relate to era
Page 27 and 28:
. Poverty in Tamil Nadu: Inter-stat
Page 29 and 30:
and the urban poverty ratio was sli
Page 31 and 32:
the total poor accounted for a prog
Page 33 and 34:
physical development of people. Mor
Page 35 and 36:
Table 1.11: Millennium Development
Page 37 and 38:
indicates that Tamil Nadu will achi
Page 39 and 40:
However, there is a scope for meeti
Page 41 and 42:
status of malnutrition. The accepte
Page 43 and 44:
The under-five mortality rate-U5MR
Page 45 and 46:
(iv) HIV/AIDS, Malaria and Other Di
Page 47 and 48:
3. While Tami Nadu has done compara
Page 49 and 50:
Chapter 2 REDUCING POVERTY: THE MAC
Page 51 and 52:
est of the economy indicates the ex
Page 53 and 54:
share of the tertiary sector in Tam
Page 55 and 56:
Chart 2.1: Sectoral Growth in Tamil
Page 57 and 58:
policies are in place to absorb lar
Page 59 and 60:
In the context of interface between
Page 61 and 62:
Table 2.7: Decomposition of the Hea
Page 63 and 64:
Dutt are not so relevant for predic
Page 65 and 66:
The SDE estimates vary across the s
Page 67 and 68:
Chart 2.3 highlights that agricultu
Page 69 and 70:
2.6 Summary In summary the followin
Page 71 and 72:
Chapter 3 FISCAL REFORMS FOR POVERT
Page 73 and 74:
Bardhan (1996) emphasizes that ofte
Page 75 and 76:
atio of government employees to pop
Page 77 and 78:
Table 3.2: Tamil Nadu in Inter-stat
Page 79 and 80:
Chart 3.4: Own Tax Revenues Relativ
Page 81 and 82:
collected by state-owned enterprise
Page 83 and 84:
Chart 3.5: Capital Outlay as percen
Page 85 and 86:
The Fiscal Policy Strategy Statemen
Page 87 and 88:
f. Pension and Salary Expenditures
Page 89 and 90:
10 it is kept at 40 percent to acco
Page 91 and 92:
Government of Tamil Nadu has to sub
Page 93 and 94:
Chapter 4 COPING WITH SPATIAL IMBAL
Page 95 and 96:
In order to focus on the deficient
Page 97 and 98:
Chart 4.2 indicates the arrangement
Page 99 and 100:
Chart 4.5: Human Development Index:
Page 101 and 102:
Table 4.4: Index of Gender Deficien
Page 103 and 104:
Districts Table 4.7: Health Facilit
Page 105 and 106:
Regarding access costs in availing
Page 107 and 108:
4.6 Incidence of Poverty: District
Page 109 and 110:
district followed by Villupuram and
Page 111 and 112:
household willing to do public work
Page 113 and 114:
Districts Table 4.13: Implementatio
Page 115 and 116: Table 4.14: Share of BPL Population
Page 117 and 118: Table 4.16: Block -wise Gross Acces
Page 119 and 120: Table 4.18: Block-wise IMR in Thiru
Page 121 and 122: 8. For provision of safe drinking w
Page 123 and 124: Chapter 5 WATER, LAND AND AGRICULTU
Page 125 and 126: 5.2 Water: Key Issues in Tamil Nadu
Page 127 and 128: Table 5.3: Sources of Water Supply
Page 129 and 130: funding under the Water Resources C
Page 131 and 132: In 2006-7, 65.83 percent of habitat
Page 133 and 134: the major cause for poor maintenanc
Page 135 and 136: about 30 litre per capita per day (
Page 137 and 138: 2006-07). However, total area under
Page 139 and 140: nearly 3.5 times as high as the pri
Page 141 and 142: 5.4 Agriculture: Key Issues Agricul
Page 143 and 144: Table 5.19: Productivity (Yield) of
Page 145 and 146: Only rice and sugarcane received ir
Page 147 and 148: iv. There are severe water quality
Page 149 and 150: Chapter 6 LAST MILE REACH STRATEGIE
Page 151 and 152: targeting as a device to improve ef
Page 153 and 154: eneficiaries and of delivering prog
Page 155 and 156: In the nighbourhood of the poverty
Page 157 and 158: inefficiencies. Some of the major c
Page 159 and 160: Tamil Nadu is close to achieving un
Page 161 and 162: programmes. It is the only Self Emp
Page 163 and 164: districts in Tamil Nadu. Namadhu Gr
Page 165: 6.5 Reaching Households and Individ
Page 169 and 170: line to post-office saving banks or
Page 171 and 172: each the urban poor who live in slu
Page 173 and 174: Eleventh Plan (2007) observes: “O
Page 175 and 176: i. provide financial assistance for
Page 177 and 178: unemployed or underemployed poor by
Page 179 and 180: Services Prepare detailed water sup
Page 181 and 182: Chapter 7 SUMMARY AND FORMULATION O
Page 183 and 184: positive and relatively high. The b
Page 185 and 186: 3. In terms of composition of BPL p
Page 187 and 188: holdings are smaller than 4 hectare
Page 189 and 190: There are considerable inter-distri
Page 191 and 192: Table 7.1: Adjustment during 2007-0
Page 193 and 194: R i =(I a +I max -I i )/(I a +I max
Page 195 and 196: line to post-office saving banks or
Page 197 and 198: d. Targeting As far as rural areas
Page 199 and 200: 7.6 Urban Poverty Reduction Strateg
Page 201 and 202: Fund, GoTN has created Tamil Nadu I
Page 203 and 204: Some initiative by Government of Ta
Page 205 and 206: • Addressing urban poverty allevi
Page 207 and 208: land. There is need to develop a sc
Page 209 and 210: REFERENCES Agarwal, S.P. (2005),
Page 211 and 212: Deaton, Angus and Alessandro Tarozz
Page 213 and 214: Himmelfarb, G. (1984), The Idea of
Page 215 and 216: Report of the Working Group on Urba
Page 217 and 218:
APPENDIX TABLES Appendix Table 1.1:
Page 219 and 220:
Appendix Table 1.1 (contd.): Millen
Page 221 and 222:
Appendix Table 1.2 (a): Poverty Lin
Page 223 and 224:
Appendix Table 1.3: Poverty Gap Est
Page 225 and 226:
Appendix Table 1.5: Head Count Rati
Page 227 and 228:
Appendix Table 1.6 (contd.): Progre
Page 229 and 230:
Appendix Table 1.8: Women’s Malnu
Page 231 and 232:
Appendix Table 1.10: Child Mortalit
Page 233 and 234:
Appendix Table 1.11 (contd.): State
Page 235 and 236:
Appendix Table1.12 (contd.): Matern
Page 237 and 238:
Appendix Table 2.3: Decomposition o
Page 239 and 240:
and Publicity Relief from Natural C
Page 241 and 242:
Appendix Table 4.3: Demography Rela
Page 243 and 244:
Appendix Table 4.5: Health Faciliti
Page 245 and 246:
Sl. No Appendix Table 4.7: Efficien
Page 247 and 248:
Appendix Table 4.9: Employment unde
Page 249 and 250:
Appendix Table 5.1: Major and Mediu
Page 251 and 252:
Appendix Table 7.1: Indices for Dis
Page 253 and 254:
ANNEXURES 231
Page 255 and 256:
Monotonicity Sensitivity Axiom Mono
Page 257 and 258:
component of the poverty line is th
Page 259 and 260:
Fuchs (1969), while advocating the
Page 261 and 262:
H = m/n (2) The head count ratio ig
Page 263 and 264:
Annexure 1.3 UNIFORM RECALL PERIOD
Page 265 and 266:
‣ Periyar became Erode; ‣ Tirun
Page 267 and 268:
Women Receiving 3 Or More ANC Visit
Page 269 and 270:
In Sivagangai, as per 2001 census,
Page 271 and 272:
Table 4.3: Block wise Gender Wise G
Page 273 and 274:
Block Table 4.6: Trained Teachers a
Page 275 and 276:
Annexure 5.1 ENVIRONMENTAL CONSEQUE
Page 277 and 278:
Annexure 6.1 NOTES ON SELECTED CENT
Page 279 and 280:
10. Kasturba Gandhi Balika Vidyalay
Page 281:
MSE Working Papers Recent Issues *
show all

POVERTY REDUCTION STRATEGY TN

You also want an ePaper? Increase the reach of your titles

Delete template?

Save as template?