POVERTY REDUCTION STRATEGY TN

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Income Generating Activities a. For the urban poor, small and micro enterprises can be an important source of income generation. Providing advice and infrastructure can increase the productivity of micro enterprises and their ability to operate in accordance with the safety and hygiene regulations. b. Providing access to credit to the slum dwellers including micro finance and through self help groups. c. Provision of vocational training facilities. d. Providing improved access to raw materials and marketing support. e. Development of urban agriculture, which can not only be an income-generating activity but will have a positive impact on the urban environment by creating green spaces and reusing waste water and compost from solid waster. f. Women amongst relocated families may be organized into Self Help Groups; and special drives of socio-economic activities such as SSA, SJSRY, etc. may be taken. g. Home-based production (or cottage industry) is also an important income-generating activity among the poor. h. City authorities can provide infrastructure services (electricity, telecommunications, water, and sanitation) which would increase the efficiency and productivity of homebased activities; i. Providing information and advisory services in relation to markets for the products. Information and Coordination i. Institutionalized sharing of information on issues relevant to the urban poor between urban poor communities, different levels of government, non-governmental organizations and the private sector. ii. Regular updating of database on the slums and socio-economic profile of the slum population through surveys to ensure effectiveness of the upgrading schemes. Creation of Assets a. Housing finance: low-income households do not have access to housing credits as commercial financial institutions usually have little interest in lending to low-income households; state government may need to develop a scheme of for subsidized housing finance. b. Most of the urban poor do not have tenure security because their dwellings are built on public land, private property not belonging to the owner; or built on shared title 184
land. There is need to develop a scheme that will facilitate granting of tenure to residents on tenable sites owned or acquired by government. c. Government may acquire land as ownership of most of slums on private lands is either unclear or embroiled in court cases. Basic Services to Urban Poor i. A major constraint that the urban poor face in seeking to improve their livelihoods is their limited access to basic municipal services: water supply, sanitation, drainage, garbage collection, access roads and pathways, street lighting and flood protection. The city government has to ensure that services like water supply, sanitation and electricity are provided on individual household basis; this will also facilitate collection of user charges. ii. Service provision in slums should be integrated with other city level schemes to achieve economy and scale. iii. Health insurance should be widened to cover curative health care. iv. Education through non-formal and community management mode should be promoted. Considering that migration to urban areas is going to continue, anticipatory steps in terms of planned building up of satellite townships at the periphery of cities that are well connected to the city centre will help in curbing the creation of new slums. 185
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MONOGRAPH 6/2010 MDGs-BASED POVERTY
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MONOGRAPH 6/2010 March 2010 Price:
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CONTENTS Acknowledgements Contents
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List of Tables Table 1.1 Millennium
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Table 5.10 Status of Urban Water Su
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Appendix 1.12 Maternal Mortality an
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MDGs-Based Poverty Reduction: Main
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. In terms of share of below povert
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of expenditure on public goods like
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households or individuals. For each
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Chapter 1 ISSUES AND INITIAL CONDIT
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The first three goals relate to era
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. Poverty in Tamil Nadu: Inter-stat
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and the urban poverty ratio was sli
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the total poor accounted for a prog
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physical development of people. Mor
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Table 1.11: Millennium Development
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indicates that Tamil Nadu will achi
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However, there is a scope for meeti
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status of malnutrition. The accepte
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The under-five mortality rate-U5MR
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(iv) HIV/AIDS, Malaria and Other Di
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3. While Tami Nadu has done compara
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Chapter 2 REDUCING POVERTY: THE MAC
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est of the economy indicates the ex
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share of the tertiary sector in Tam
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Chart 2.1: Sectoral Growth in Tamil
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policies are in place to absorb lar
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In the context of interface between
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Table 2.7: Decomposition of the Hea
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Dutt are not so relevant for predic
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The SDE estimates vary across the s
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Chart 2.3 highlights that agricultu
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2.6 Summary In summary the followin
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Chapter 3 FISCAL REFORMS FOR POVERT
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Bardhan (1996) emphasizes that ofte
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atio of government employees to pop
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Table 3.2: Tamil Nadu in Inter-stat
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Chart 3.4: Own Tax Revenues Relativ
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collected by state-owned enterprise
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Chart 3.5: Capital Outlay as percen
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The Fiscal Policy Strategy Statemen
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f. Pension and Salary Expenditures
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10 it is kept at 40 percent to acco
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Government of Tamil Nadu has to sub
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Chapter 4 COPING WITH SPATIAL IMBAL
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In order to focus on the deficient
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Chart 4.2 indicates the arrangement
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Chart 4.5: Human Development Index:
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Table 4.4: Index of Gender Deficien
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Districts Table 4.7: Health Facilit
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Regarding access costs in availing
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4.6 Incidence of Poverty: District
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district followed by Villupuram and
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household willing to do public work
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Districts Table 4.13: Implementatio
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Table 4.14: Share of BPL Population
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Table 4.16: Block -wise Gross Acces
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Table 4.18: Block-wise IMR in Thiru
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8. For provision of safe drinking w
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Chapter 5 WATER, LAND AND AGRICULTU
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5.2 Water: Key Issues in Tamil Nadu
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Table 5.3: Sources of Water Supply
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funding under the Water Resources C
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In 2006-7, 65.83 percent of habitat
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the major cause for poor maintenanc
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about 30 litre per capita per day (
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2006-07). However, total area under
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nearly 3.5 times as high as the pri
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5.4 Agriculture: Key Issues Agricul
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Table 5.19: Productivity (Yield) of
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Only rice and sugarcane received ir
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iv. There are severe water quality
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Chapter 6 LAST MILE REACH STRATEGIE
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targeting as a device to improve ef
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eneficiaries and of delivering prog
Page 155 and 156: In the nighbourhood of the poverty
Page 157 and 158: inefficiencies. Some of the major c
Page 159 and 160: Tamil Nadu is close to achieving un
Page 161 and 162: programmes. It is the only Self Emp
Page 163 and 164: districts in Tamil Nadu. Namadhu Gr
Page 165 and 166: 6.5 Reaching Households and Individ
Page 167 and 168: proposition more insurable, a group
Page 169 and 170: line to post-office saving banks or
Page 171 and 172: each the urban poor who live in slu
Page 173 and 174: Eleventh Plan (2007) observes: “O
Page 175 and 176: i. provide financial assistance for
Page 177 and 178: unemployed or underemployed poor by
Page 179 and 180: Services Prepare detailed water sup
Page 181 and 182: Chapter 7 SUMMARY AND FORMULATION O
Page 183 and 184: positive and relatively high. The b
Page 185 and 186: 3. In terms of composition of BPL p
Page 187 and 188: holdings are smaller than 4 hectare
Page 189 and 190: There are considerable inter-distri
Page 191 and 192: Table 7.1: Adjustment during 2007-0
Page 193 and 194: R i =(I a +I max -I i )/(I a +I max
Page 195 and 196: line to post-office saving banks or
Page 197 and 198: d. Targeting As far as rural areas
Page 199 and 200: 7.6 Urban Poverty Reduction Strateg
Page 201 and 202: Fund, GoTN has created Tamil Nadu I
Page 203 and 204: Some initiative by Government of Ta
Page 205: • Addressing urban poverty allevi
Page 209 and 210: REFERENCES Agarwal, S.P. (2005),
Page 211 and 212: Deaton, Angus and Alessandro Tarozz
Page 213 and 214: Himmelfarb, G. (1984), The Idea of
Page 215 and 216: Report of the Working Group on Urba
Page 217 and 218: APPENDIX TABLES Appendix Table 1.1:
Page 219 and 220: Appendix Table 1.1 (contd.): Millen
Page 221 and 222: Appendix Table 1.2 (a): Poverty Lin
Page 223 and 224: Appendix Table 1.3: Poverty Gap Est
Page 225 and 226: Appendix Table 1.5: Head Count Rati
Page 227 and 228: Appendix Table 1.6 (contd.): Progre
Page 229 and 230: Appendix Table 1.8: Women’s Malnu
Page 231 and 232: Appendix Table 1.10: Child Mortalit
Page 233 and 234: Appendix Table 1.11 (contd.): State
Page 235 and 236: Appendix Table1.12 (contd.): Matern
Page 237 and 238: Appendix Table 2.3: Decomposition o
Page 239 and 240: and Publicity Relief from Natural C
Page 241 and 242: Appendix Table 4.3: Demography Rela
Page 243 and 244: Appendix Table 4.5: Health Faciliti
Page 245 and 246: Sl. No Appendix Table 4.7: Efficien
Page 247 and 248: Appendix Table 4.9: Employment unde
Page 249 and 250: Appendix Table 5.1: Major and Mediu
Page 251 and 252: Appendix Table 7.1: Indices for Dis
Page 253 and 254: ANNEXURES 231
Page 255 and 256: Monotonicity Sensitivity Axiom Mono
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component of the poverty line is th
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Fuchs (1969), while advocating the
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H = m/n (2) The head count ratio ig
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Annexure 1.3 UNIFORM RECALL PERIOD
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‣ Periyar became Erode; ‣ Tirun
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Women Receiving 3 Or More ANC Visit
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In Sivagangai, as per 2001 census,
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Table 4.3: Block wise Gender Wise G
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Block Table 4.6: Trained Teachers a
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Annexure 5.1 ENVIRONMENTAL CONSEQUE
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Annexure 6.1 NOTES ON SELECTED CENT
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10. Kasturba Gandhi Balika Vidyalay
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