POVERTY REDUCTION STRATEGY TN

More documents

Recommendations

Info

A specific unit was established in PWD to study the environmental aspects of water resources. The Dam Rehabilitation and Improvement Programmes are proposed to commence during 2009-10 funded by Government of India with World Bank assistance in order to strengthen and maintain the dams in view of ageing and maintenance requirements. The state has also approached the centre to provide funds for the interlinking of rivers within the state under the Accelerated Irrigation Benefit Programme. Initiatives have been made initially to link the rivers to primarily serve as flood carriers and a measure of flood mitigation and to prevent water wastage and for the flood flows to reach the drought prone areas of the state. So far three links have been explored by the state: (i) Cauvery – Agniar - South Vellar – Manimuthar – Vagai - Gundar, (ii) Tambiraparani – Karumeriar - Nambiar, and (iii) Pennaiyar - Cheyyar. 19 f. Resource Requirement for Safe Drinking Water In a recent study by Sen et. al (2008), estimated, using information from Census 2001, the resource requirements for providing access to safe drinking water to all households in Tamil Nadu. For rural areas, households that got water from a tap, hand pump or tube well located within a premise or nearby were considered, as having access to safe drinking water. As per information from the Department of Drinking Water Supply, Government of India, per capita cost of covering rural population with safe drinking water was taken at Rs. 1200 per capita for providing piped water supply. At this rate, for the rural areas, Sen et. al estimate the requirement of capital investment at about Rs. 993 crore. For urban areas, information from Census 2001 on the coverage of population by safe drinking water was combined with per capita cost of water supply schemes in urban areas provided by the Planning Commission, Government of India, 1983 (updated to 2003-04 prices, amounting to Rs. 1780 per capita). On this basis, the resources required for providing water supply to the entire population in urban areas was estimated to be Rs. 939 crore. Together, the total requirement of resources for providing water supply to the entire population was estimated to be about Rs. 1932 crore. These resources can only ensure coverage and not adequate supply of water in the state. As per the Tamil Nadu Water Supply and Drainage Board, on average, only 19 Policy Note for the year 2008-09, PWD, Irrigation. 112
about 30 litre per capita per day (lpcd) of water is supplied in the rural areas as compared to the norm of 40 lpcd that needs to be supplied. In the urban areas also, the average quantity of water supplied in the urban areas of the state is about 70 lpcd is less than the norm of 110 lpcd for corporations. In the city of Chennai where the quantity of water that needs to be supplied as per the national norm is about 135 lpcd, only about 90 lpcd is supplied. Resources required for supplying water as per norm would be considerably higher than estimated here. 5.3 Land: Key Issues Current land distribution and use in much of Tamil Nadu reflect centuries old patterns of settlement and cultivation. In pre-colonial society, river valley villages where agriculture centered on rice were divided in to (i) the land owning Brahman and Vellala (nobles), and (ii) the outcaste laborers (usually Pallan or Paraiyan). The economy of the drier plains with generally poor soils outside the valleys was based on livestock hunting, cultivation of millet and non-agricultural activities (Dorosh and Sur, 2004). Net sown area and fallow lands add up to total land available with farmers. It was 76.08 lakh hectares in 1980-81 and it declined to about 67 lakh hectares in 1999-00 and to about 62 lakh hectares in 2005-06. Due to the policies of land ceiling and the land to tiller, very large farms disappeared and the distribution of land holdings (in Table 5.12) shows the dominance of marginal and small farmers. The average farm size in 1970-71 was only 1.45 hectares (with more than 50 percent of farms having less than 1 ha.). It further declined to 0.89 ha in 2000-01. Table 5.12: Land Distribution in Tamil Nadu Land Holding Size (hectares) 1970- 71 1976- 77 1985- 86 1995- 96 2000- 01 Less than 1 0.42 0.41 0.37 0.38 0.37 1.0 – 2.0 1.42 1.41 1.41 1.40 1.39 2.0 – 4.0 2.75 2.75 2.74 2.73 2.72 4.0 – 10.0 5.83 5.77 5.78 5.60 5.68 Above 10 16.94 17.28 18.78 21.68 19.48 All Sizes: Total 1.45 1.25 1.01 0.95 0.89 Source: Government of Tamil Nadu (2007), Eleventh Five Year Plan 2007-2012, State Planning Commission. About 97 percent of land holdings are smaller than 4 hectares each. The small holding size sets the limit for investment in farm assets and modern inputs that are 113
Page 1:
MONOGRAPH 6/2010 MDGs-BASED POVERTY
Page 5 and 6:
MONOGRAPH 6/2010 March 2010 Price:
Page 7 and 8:
CONTENTS Acknowledgements Contents
Page 9 and 10:
List of Tables Table 1.1 Millennium
Page 11 and 12:
Table 5.10 Status of Urban Water Su
Page 13 and 14:
Appendix 1.12 Maternal Mortality an
Page 15 and 16:
MDGs-Based Poverty Reduction: Main
Page 17 and 18:
. In terms of share of below povert
Page 19 and 20:
of expenditure on public goods like
Page 21 and 22:
households or individuals. For each
Page 23 and 24:
Chapter 1 ISSUES AND INITIAL CONDIT
Page 25 and 26:
The first three goals relate to era
Page 27 and 28:
. Poverty in Tamil Nadu: Inter-stat
Page 29 and 30:
and the urban poverty ratio was sli
Page 31 and 32:
the total poor accounted for a prog
Page 33 and 34:
physical development of people. Mor
Page 35 and 36:
Table 1.11: Millennium Development
Page 37 and 38:
indicates that Tamil Nadu will achi
Page 39 and 40:
However, there is a scope for meeti
Page 41 and 42:
status of malnutrition. The accepte
Page 43 and 44:
The under-five mortality rate-U5MR
Page 45 and 46:
(iv) HIV/AIDS, Malaria and Other Di
Page 47 and 48:
3. While Tami Nadu has done compara
Page 49 and 50:
Chapter 2 REDUCING POVERTY: THE MAC
Page 51 and 52:
est of the economy indicates the ex
Page 53 and 54:
share of the tertiary sector in Tam
Page 55 and 56:
Chart 2.1: Sectoral Growth in Tamil
Page 57 and 58:
policies are in place to absorb lar
Page 59 and 60:
In the context of interface between
Page 61 and 62:
Table 2.7: Decomposition of the Hea
Page 63 and 64:
Dutt are not so relevant for predic
Page 65 and 66:
The SDE estimates vary across the s
Page 67 and 68:
Chart 2.3 highlights that agricultu
Page 69 and 70:
2.6 Summary In summary the followin
Page 71 and 72:
Chapter 3 FISCAL REFORMS FOR POVERT
Page 73 and 74:
Bardhan (1996) emphasizes that ofte
Page 75 and 76:
atio of government employees to pop
Page 77 and 78:
Table 3.2: Tamil Nadu in Inter-stat
Page 79 and 80:
Chart 3.4: Own Tax Revenues Relativ
Page 81 and 82:
collected by state-owned enterprise
Page 83 and 84: Chart 3.5: Capital Outlay as percen
Page 85 and 86: The Fiscal Policy Strategy Statemen
Page 87 and 88: f. Pension and Salary Expenditures
Page 89 and 90: 10 it is kept at 40 percent to acco
Page 91 and 92: Government of Tamil Nadu has to sub
Page 93 and 94: Chapter 4 COPING WITH SPATIAL IMBAL
Page 95 and 96: In order to focus on the deficient
Page 97 and 98: Chart 4.2 indicates the arrangement
Page 99 and 100: Chart 4.5: Human Development Index:
Page 101 and 102: Table 4.4: Index of Gender Deficien
Page 103 and 104: Districts Table 4.7: Health Facilit
Page 105 and 106: Regarding access costs in availing
Page 107 and 108: 4.6 Incidence of Poverty: District
Page 109 and 110: district followed by Villupuram and
Page 111 and 112: household willing to do public work
Page 113 and 114: Districts Table 4.13: Implementatio
Page 115 and 116: Table 4.14: Share of BPL Population
Page 117 and 118: Table 4.16: Block -wise Gross Acces
Page 119 and 120: Table 4.18: Block-wise IMR in Thiru
Page 121 and 122: 8. For provision of safe drinking w
Page 123 and 124: Chapter 5 WATER, LAND AND AGRICULTU
Page 125 and 126: 5.2 Water: Key Issues in Tamil Nadu
Page 127 and 128: Table 5.3: Sources of Water Supply
Page 129 and 130: funding under the Water Resources C
Page 131 and 132: In 2006-7, 65.83 percent of habitat
Page 133: the major cause for poor maintenanc
Page 137 and 138: 2006-07). However, total area under
Page 139 and 140: nearly 3.5 times as high as the pri
Page 141 and 142: 5.4 Agriculture: Key Issues Agricul
Page 143 and 144: Table 5.19: Productivity (Yield) of
Page 145 and 146: Only rice and sugarcane received ir
Page 147 and 148: iv. There are severe water quality
Page 149 and 150: Chapter 6 LAST MILE REACH STRATEGIE
Page 151 and 152: targeting as a device to improve ef
Page 153 and 154: eneficiaries and of delivering prog
Page 155 and 156: In the nighbourhood of the poverty
Page 157 and 158: inefficiencies. Some of the major c
Page 159 and 160: Tamil Nadu is close to achieving un
Page 161 and 162: programmes. It is the only Self Emp
Page 163 and 164: districts in Tamil Nadu. Namadhu Gr
Page 165 and 166: 6.5 Reaching Households and Individ
Page 167 and 168: proposition more insurable, a group
Page 169 and 170: line to post-office saving banks or
Page 171 and 172: each the urban poor who live in slu
Page 173 and 174: Eleventh Plan (2007) observes: “O
Page 175 and 176: i. provide financial assistance for
Page 177 and 178: unemployed or underemployed poor by
Page 179 and 180: Services Prepare detailed water sup
Page 181 and 182: Chapter 7 SUMMARY AND FORMULATION O
Page 183 and 184: positive and relatively high. The b
Page 185 and 186:
3. In terms of composition of BPL p
Page 187 and 188:
holdings are smaller than 4 hectare
Page 189 and 190:
There are considerable inter-distri
Page 191 and 192:
Table 7.1: Adjustment during 2007-0
Page 193 and 194:
R i =(I a +I max -I i )/(I a +I max
Page 195 and 196:
line to post-office saving banks or
Page 197 and 198:
d. Targeting As far as rural areas
Page 199 and 200:
7.6 Urban Poverty Reduction Strateg
Page 201 and 202:
Fund, GoTN has created Tamil Nadu I
Page 203 and 204:
Some initiative by Government of Ta
Page 205 and 206:
• Addressing urban poverty allevi
Page 207 and 208:
land. There is need to develop a sc
Page 209 and 210:
REFERENCES Agarwal, S.P. (2005),
Page 211 and 212:
Deaton, Angus and Alessandro Tarozz
Page 213 and 214:
Himmelfarb, G. (1984), The Idea of
Page 215 and 216:
Report of the Working Group on Urba
Page 217 and 218:
APPENDIX TABLES Appendix Table 1.1:
Page 219 and 220:
Appendix Table 1.1 (contd.): Millen
Page 221 and 222:
Appendix Table 1.2 (a): Poverty Lin
Page 223 and 224:
Appendix Table 1.3: Poverty Gap Est
Page 225 and 226:
Appendix Table 1.5: Head Count Rati
Page 227 and 228:
Appendix Table 1.6 (contd.): Progre
Page 229 and 230:
Appendix Table 1.8: Women’s Malnu
Page 231 and 232:
Appendix Table 1.10: Child Mortalit
Page 233 and 234:
Appendix Table 1.11 (contd.): State
Page 235 and 236:
Appendix Table1.12 (contd.): Matern
Page 237 and 238:
Appendix Table 2.3: Decomposition o
Page 239 and 240:
and Publicity Relief from Natural C
Page 241 and 242:
Appendix Table 4.3: Demography Rela
Page 243 and 244:
Appendix Table 4.5: Health Faciliti
Page 245 and 246:
Sl. No Appendix Table 4.7: Efficien
Page 247 and 248:
Appendix Table 4.9: Employment unde
Page 249 and 250:
Appendix Table 5.1: Major and Mediu
Page 251 and 252:
Appendix Table 7.1: Indices for Dis
Page 253 and 254:
ANNEXURES 231
Page 255 and 256:
Monotonicity Sensitivity Axiom Mono
Page 257 and 258:
component of the poverty line is th
Page 259 and 260:
Fuchs (1969), while advocating the
Page 261 and 262:
H = m/n (2) The head count ratio ig
Page 263 and 264:
Annexure 1.3 UNIFORM RECALL PERIOD
Page 265 and 266:
‣ Periyar became Erode; ‣ Tirun
Page 267 and 268:
Women Receiving 3 Or More ANC Visit
Page 269 and 270:
In Sivagangai, as per 2001 census,
Page 271 and 272:
Table 4.3: Block wise Gender Wise G
Page 273 and 274:
Block Table 4.6: Trained Teachers a
Page 275 and 276:
Annexure 5.1 ENVIRONMENTAL CONSEQUE
Page 277 and 278:
Annexure 6.1 NOTES ON SELECTED CENT
Page 279 and 280:
10. Kasturba Gandhi Balika Vidyalay
Page 281:
MSE Working Papers Recent Issues *
show all

POVERTY REDUCTION STRATEGY TN

Create successful ePaper yourself

Delete template?

Save as template?