POVERTY REDUCTION STRATEGY TN

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The total water demand already exceeds the availability and the deficiency is 307.8 thousand million cubic feet (TMC). It is estimated that the industries will require 1307.20 MCM in 2014 as against its demand of 636 MCM in 1999 (Table 5.8). The requirement for domestic use is also projected to rise. The water deficit would rise to 2481 MCM in 2014. Since these figures exclude the Cauvery (the major) basin, the deficit will be more than what is shown. Imbalance between water needs and resources are likely to induce a variety of conflicts between different users. Table 5.8: Projected Water Demand in Tamil Nadu * (Million Cubic Metre) 1999 2004 2014 Sectors Demand Percent Demand Percent Demand Percent Agriculture 29079 93.2 29079 92.4 27808 89.9 Domestic 1002 3.2 1088 3.5 1346 4.3 Industries 636 2.0 809 2.6 1307 4.2 Live Stock 387 1.2 387 1.2 387 1.3 Hydro Power 60 0.2 66 0.2 68 0.2 Others 28 0.1 28 0.1 28 0.1 Total 31192 100.0 31458 100.0 30944 100.0 Source: Water Resources Organization (1998), State Framework: Water Resources Plan of Tamil Nadu. * Note: Excluding Cauvery Basin. b. Water Quality There are also serious water quality problems in some of the basins due to industrial pollution. 17 In Chennai particularly, the waterways are severely polluted due to the discharge of domestic waste. Sea water intrusion is also occurring along the coast due to the over-extraction of groundwater. In some parts of the state, there is contamination due to excess fluoride. Agriculture, a major non-point source of water pollution, also creates severe environmental issues. Heavy use of fertilizers can have major adverse impacts on surface water quality, soils and groundwater. The environmental consequences of excess use of fertilisers are shown in Annexure 5.1. Improper/inefficient use of chemical fertilizers (pesticides) would result in food production polluted with nitrates (toxic), reduction in yield, environmental degradation (soil degradation, water and air pollution, climate change and health hazards) and extra cost of production. c. Rural and Urban Water Supply Status There are 86981 rural habitations in the state. In 2002-03, only 36.8 percent of habitations were fully covered by rural water supply and 49.06 percent covered partially. 17 Effluent discharged from industries significantly affects surface water quality, soil and groundwater. 108
In 2006-7, 65.83 percent of habitations were fully covered by rural water supply and 33.62 percent were partially supported by the rural water supply (Table 5.9). Year Table 5.9: Rural Water Supply Status: By Habitations Total Number of Habitations Habitations Fully Covered Habitations Partially Covered Number Percent Number Percent 2002-03 81787 30117 36.82 40124 49.06 2003-04 81787 35727 43.68 36777 44.97 2004-05 81787 46249 56.55 32314 39.51 2005-06 81787 55149 67.43 25670 31.39 2006-07 86981 57260 65.83 29241 33.62 Source: Government of Tamil Nadu (2007), Eleventh Five Year Plan 2007-2012, State Planning Commission and Tamil NAdu- Economic Appraisal 2006-07. Of 718 urban towns (other than Chennai) in the state, 5 are corporations, 152 are municipalities and 252 are town panchayats. Depending on the availability of per capita per day water supply, they are classified as good, average, and poor. Table 5.10 reveals that 199 municipalities and town panchayats were poor in 2002. In 2007, only 29 of them were poor. During the same period, the total number of towns having good performance increased from 290 to 382. Table 5.10: Status of Urban Water Supply Civic Status Good Average Poor Total 2002 2007 2002 2007 2002 2007 2002 2007 Corporations - 1 5 4 - - 5 5 Municipalities 38 52 34 90 30 10 102 152 Town 253 329 190 213 169 19 611 561 Panchayats Total 290 382 229 307 199 29 718 718 Source: Government of Tamil Nadu (2007), Eleventh Five Year Plan 2007-2012, State Planning Commission. Note: For Corporation, Good means above 110 litre per capita per day (lpcd), Average: 70 – 110 lpcd, Poor: less than 70 lpcd; For Municipality, Good: 90 lpcd, Average: 50-89 lpcd, Poor: less than 50 lpcd; For Town Panchayats, Good: 70 lpcd, Average: 40 – 69 lpcd, Poor: less than 40 lpcd. d. Irrigation Financing Water is a state subject under the Indian Constitution. 18 The public works department (PWD) is solely responsible for the maintenance of major and medium irrigation works. The state has allotted Rs. 972 crore for irrigation for the Eleventh plan period (2007- 18 However, the Centre is also financing through the schemes shared between the centre and the state, and the centrally sponsored schemes. On completion, all projects are transferred to the state for maintenance. 109
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MONOGRAPH 6/2010 MDGs-BASED POVERTY
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MONOGRAPH 6/2010 March 2010 Price:
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CONTENTS Acknowledgements Contents
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List of Tables Table 1.1 Millennium
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Table 5.10 Status of Urban Water Su
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Appendix 1.12 Maternal Mortality an
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MDGs-Based Poverty Reduction: Main
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. In terms of share of below povert
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of expenditure on public goods like
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households or individuals. For each
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Chapter 1 ISSUES AND INITIAL CONDIT
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The first three goals relate to era
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. Poverty in Tamil Nadu: Inter-stat
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and the urban poverty ratio was sli
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the total poor accounted for a prog
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physical development of people. Mor
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Table 1.11: Millennium Development
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indicates that Tamil Nadu will achi
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However, there is a scope for meeti
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status of malnutrition. The accepte
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The under-five mortality rate-U5MR
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(iv) HIV/AIDS, Malaria and Other Di
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3. While Tami Nadu has done compara
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Chapter 2 REDUCING POVERTY: THE MAC
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est of the economy indicates the ex
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share of the tertiary sector in Tam
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Chart 2.1: Sectoral Growth in Tamil
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policies are in place to absorb lar
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In the context of interface between
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Table 2.7: Decomposition of the Hea
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Dutt are not so relevant for predic
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The SDE estimates vary across the s
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Chart 2.3 highlights that agricultu
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2.6 Summary In summary the followin
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Chapter 3 FISCAL REFORMS FOR POVERT
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Bardhan (1996) emphasizes that ofte
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atio of government employees to pop
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Table 3.2: Tamil Nadu in Inter-stat
Page 79 and 80: Chart 3.4: Own Tax Revenues Relativ
Page 81 and 82: collected by state-owned enterprise
Page 83 and 84: Chart 3.5: Capital Outlay as percen
Page 85 and 86: The Fiscal Policy Strategy Statemen
Page 87 and 88: f. Pension and Salary Expenditures
Page 89 and 90: 10 it is kept at 40 percent to acco
Page 91 and 92: Government of Tamil Nadu has to sub
Page 93 and 94: Chapter 4 COPING WITH SPATIAL IMBAL
Page 95 and 96: In order to focus on the deficient
Page 97 and 98: Chart 4.2 indicates the arrangement
Page 99 and 100: Chart 4.5: Human Development Index:
Page 101 and 102: Table 4.4: Index of Gender Deficien
Page 103 and 104: Districts Table 4.7: Health Facilit
Page 105 and 106: Regarding access costs in availing
Page 107 and 108: 4.6 Incidence of Poverty: District
Page 109 and 110: district followed by Villupuram and
Page 111 and 112: household willing to do public work
Page 113 and 114: Districts Table 4.13: Implementatio
Page 115 and 116: Table 4.14: Share of BPL Population
Page 117 and 118: Table 4.16: Block -wise Gross Acces
Page 119 and 120: Table 4.18: Block-wise IMR in Thiru
Page 121 and 122: 8. For provision of safe drinking w
Page 123 and 124: Chapter 5 WATER, LAND AND AGRICULTU
Page 125 and 126: 5.2 Water: Key Issues in Tamil Nadu
Page 127 and 128: Table 5.3: Sources of Water Supply
Page 129: funding under the Water Resources C
Page 133 and 134: the major cause for poor maintenanc
Page 135 and 136: about 30 litre per capita per day (
Page 137 and 138: 2006-07). However, total area under
Page 139 and 140: nearly 3.5 times as high as the pri
Page 141 and 142: 5.4 Agriculture: Key Issues Agricul
Page 143 and 144: Table 5.19: Productivity (Yield) of
Page 145 and 146: Only rice and sugarcane received ir
Page 147 and 148: iv. There are severe water quality
Page 149 and 150: Chapter 6 LAST MILE REACH STRATEGIE
Page 151 and 152: targeting as a device to improve ef
Page 153 and 154: eneficiaries and of delivering prog
Page 155 and 156: In the nighbourhood of the poverty
Page 157 and 158: inefficiencies. Some of the major c
Page 159 and 160: Tamil Nadu is close to achieving un
Page 161 and 162: programmes. It is the only Self Emp
Page 163 and 164: districts in Tamil Nadu. Namadhu Gr
Page 165 and 166: 6.5 Reaching Households and Individ
Page 167 and 168: proposition more insurable, a group
Page 169 and 170: line to post-office saving banks or
Page 171 and 172: each the urban poor who live in slu
Page 173 and 174: Eleventh Plan (2007) observes: “O
Page 175 and 176: i. provide financial assistance for
Page 177 and 178: unemployed or underemployed poor by
Page 179 and 180: Services Prepare detailed water sup
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Chapter 7 SUMMARY AND FORMULATION O
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positive and relatively high. The b
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3. In terms of composition of BPL p
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holdings are smaller than 4 hectare
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There are considerable inter-distri
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Table 7.1: Adjustment during 2007-0
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R i =(I a +I max -I i )/(I a +I max
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line to post-office saving banks or
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d. Targeting As far as rural areas
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7.6 Urban Poverty Reduction Strateg
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Fund, GoTN has created Tamil Nadu I
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Some initiative by Government of Ta
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• Addressing urban poverty allevi
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land. There is need to develop a sc
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REFERENCES Agarwal, S.P. (2005),
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Deaton, Angus and Alessandro Tarozz
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Himmelfarb, G. (1984), The Idea of
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Report of the Working Group on Urba
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APPENDIX TABLES Appendix Table 1.1:
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Appendix Table 1.1 (contd.): Millen
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Appendix Table 1.2 (a): Poverty Lin
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Appendix Table 1.3: Poverty Gap Est
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Appendix Table 1.5: Head Count Rati
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Appendix Table 1.6 (contd.): Progre
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Appendix Table 1.8: Women’s Malnu
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Appendix Table 1.10: Child Mortalit
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Appendix Table 1.11 (contd.): State
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Appendix Table1.12 (contd.): Matern
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Appendix Table 2.3: Decomposition o
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and Publicity Relief from Natural C
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Appendix Table 4.3: Demography Rela
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Appendix Table 4.5: Health Faciliti
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Sl. No Appendix Table 4.7: Efficien
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Appendix Table 4.9: Employment unde
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Appendix Table 5.1: Major and Mediu
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Appendix Table 7.1: Indices for Dis
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ANNEXURES 231
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Monotonicity Sensitivity Axiom Mono
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component of the poverty line is th
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Fuchs (1969), while advocating the
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H = m/n (2) The head count ratio ig
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Annexure 1.3 UNIFORM RECALL PERIOD
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‣ Periyar became Erode; ‣ Tirun
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Women Receiving 3 Or More ANC Visit
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In Sivagangai, as per 2001 census,
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Table 4.3: Block wise Gender Wise G
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Block Table 4.6: Trained Teachers a
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Annexure 5.1 ENVIRONMENTAL CONSEQUE
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Annexure 6.1 NOTES ON SELECTED CENT
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10. Kasturba Gandhi Balika Vidyalay
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MSE Working Papers Recent Issues *
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POVERTY REDUCTION STRATEGY TN

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