POVERTY REDUCTION STRATEGY TN

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Year Table 5.5: Net Sown, Gross Area and Irrigation Intensity in Tamil Nadu (‘000 hectares) Net Area Irrigated (NAI) Gross Area Irrigated (GAI) Net Area Sown (NAS) Gross Cropped Area (GCA) Irrigation Intensity (percent) Cropping Intensity (percent) NAI as Percent of NAS GAI as Percent of GCA 1970-71 2592 3410 6169 7384 131.56 119.7 42.02 46.18 1980-81 2570 3294 5360 6469 128.17 120.69 47.95 50.92 1990-91 2373 2894 5578 6632 121.96 118.90 42.54 43.64 2000-01 2887 3490 5303 6338 120.89 119.52 54.44 55.06 2001-02 2801 3412 5172 6226 121.81 120.38 54.15 54.80 2002-03 2310 2622 4590 5191 113.51 113.10 50.30 50.50 2003-04 2148 2479 4689 5316 115.40 113.40 45.81 46.63 2004-05 2637 3087 5097 5889 117.06 115.54 51.74 52.42 2005-06 2919 3397 5244 6033 116.37 115.05 55.66 56.31 2006-07 2889 3416 5126 5843 118.24 113.98 56.36 58.46 Source: Tamil Nadu - An Economic Appraisal (various issues). Approximately 55 percent of the net irrigated area is irrigated by well water and the remaining by canals, tanks and other sources such as streams and springs. The net irrigated area increased by about 11.5 percent during 1970-71 to 2006-07 mainly due to increase in area irrigated by wells (Table 5.6). Table 5.6: Net Irrigated Area by Source of Irrigation (‘000 hectares) Year Canal Tank Wells Others Total 1970-71 862 902 787 41 2592 1980-81 889 590 1067 24 2570 1990-91 769 531 1059 14 2373 2002-03 614 422 1263 11 2310 2003-04 449 385 1299 15 2148 2004-05 754 465 1400 18 2637 2005-06 800 575 1537 7 2919 2006-07 782 531 1566 9 2889 Source: Tamil Nadu - An Economic Appraisal (various issues). More than 85 large and medium dams have been constructed since independence. As the surface irrigation potential has been virtually exhausted, modernizing/rehabilitating existing systems is crucial to improve the efficiency of surface irrigation in the state. Most of the canals in the state are old and have very poor efficiency as a result of seepage and silting in the canals. In recent years, the state has undertaken some major canal modernization projects with the aide of World Bank 106
funding under the Water Resources Consolidation Project. Appendix Table 5.1 shows the major and medium irrigation projects in Tamil Nadu. Although tank irrigation accounted for about 35 percent of net irrigated area in the state in 1970-71, its share declined steadily over time because of siltation in tank beds and supply channels, encroachments in the tank bund, foreshore and supply channels and damaged sluices, weirs and bunds. Currently, tanks irrigate about 0.6 million hectares of lands. Due to water shortages a large number of tanks are defunct. Groundwater irrigation increased due to rural electrification, the availability of affordable irrigation pump sets and cheap or free electricity for agriculture. The number of wells and the area irrigated by them had increased significantly over the years. During 1981-82 to 2006-07, the number of wells increased from 1.68 million to 1.85 million and the area irrigated by wells increased from 1.7 million hectares to 15.7 million hectares. The problem now facing groundwater irrigation is that the depth of bore wells in hard rock area has increased to as much as 600 feet to 1000 feet. Dug well irrigation is only possible now in canal and tank command areas. Spacing norms have been prescribed based on the guidelines issued by NABARD. Dug wells must be at least 150 meters apart, and deep tube wells must be at least 600 meters apart (Dorosh and Sur, 2004). Agriculture faces increasing competition for water from industry and domestic users. According to Eleventh Plan prepared by the State Planning Commission (2007), about 93 percent of present use of water is for agriculture (Table 5.7). But the demand for water is continuously on the rise with the growth of population, industry and agriculture while the availability of water remains almost constant. The total surface water potential (excluding Cauvery) is 13,117 million cubic meters (MCM) while the groundwater potential is 15,346 MCM. 16 Table 5.7: Water Demand in Tamil Nadu Details TMC Drinking (domestic) 51.4 (2.71%) Irrigation 1766 .0 (93.2 %) Industry, Hydro power, Live stock 77.4 (4.08 %) Total Demand 1894.8 (100 %) Water Resource 1587.0 Deficit 307.8 Source: Government of Tamil Nadu (2007), Eleventh Five Year Plan 2007-2012, State Planning Commission. 16 Data for the Cauvery basin are not available due to the inter-state dispute. 107
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MONOGRAPH 6/2010 MDGs-BASED POVERTY
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MONOGRAPH 6/2010 March 2010 Price:
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CONTENTS Acknowledgements Contents
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List of Tables Table 1.1 Millennium
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Table 5.10 Status of Urban Water Su
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Appendix 1.12 Maternal Mortality an
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MDGs-Based Poverty Reduction: Main
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. In terms of share of below povert
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of expenditure on public goods like
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households or individuals. For each
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Chapter 1 ISSUES AND INITIAL CONDIT
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The first three goals relate to era
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. Poverty in Tamil Nadu: Inter-stat
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and the urban poverty ratio was sli
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the total poor accounted for a prog
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physical development of people. Mor
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Table 1.11: Millennium Development
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indicates that Tamil Nadu will achi
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However, there is a scope for meeti
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status of malnutrition. The accepte
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The under-five mortality rate-U5MR
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(iv) HIV/AIDS, Malaria and Other Di
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3. While Tami Nadu has done compara
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Chapter 2 REDUCING POVERTY: THE MAC
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est of the economy indicates the ex
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share of the tertiary sector in Tam
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Chart 2.1: Sectoral Growth in Tamil
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policies are in place to absorb lar
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In the context of interface between
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Table 2.7: Decomposition of the Hea
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Dutt are not so relevant for predic
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The SDE estimates vary across the s
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Chart 2.3 highlights that agricultu
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2.6 Summary In summary the followin
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Chapter 3 FISCAL REFORMS FOR POVERT
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Bardhan (1996) emphasizes that ofte
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atio of government employees to pop
Page 77 and 78: Table 3.2: Tamil Nadu in Inter-stat
Page 79 and 80: Chart 3.4: Own Tax Revenues Relativ
Page 81 and 82: collected by state-owned enterprise
Page 83 and 84: Chart 3.5: Capital Outlay as percen
Page 85 and 86: The Fiscal Policy Strategy Statemen
Page 87 and 88: f. Pension and Salary Expenditures
Page 89 and 90: 10 it is kept at 40 percent to acco
Page 91 and 92: Government of Tamil Nadu has to sub
Page 93 and 94: Chapter 4 COPING WITH SPATIAL IMBAL
Page 95 and 96: In order to focus on the deficient
Page 97 and 98: Chart 4.2 indicates the arrangement
Page 99 and 100: Chart 4.5: Human Development Index:
Page 101 and 102: Table 4.4: Index of Gender Deficien
Page 103 and 104: Districts Table 4.7: Health Facilit
Page 105 and 106: Regarding access costs in availing
Page 107 and 108: 4.6 Incidence of Poverty: District
Page 109 and 110: district followed by Villupuram and
Page 111 and 112: household willing to do public work
Page 113 and 114: Districts Table 4.13: Implementatio
Page 115 and 116: Table 4.14: Share of BPL Population
Page 117 and 118: Table 4.16: Block -wise Gross Acces
Page 119 and 120: Table 4.18: Block-wise IMR in Thiru
Page 121 and 122: 8. For provision of safe drinking w
Page 123 and 124: Chapter 5 WATER, LAND AND AGRICULTU
Page 125 and 126: 5.2 Water: Key Issues in Tamil Nadu
Page 127: Table 5.3: Sources of Water Supply
Page 131 and 132: In 2006-7, 65.83 percent of habitat
Page 133 and 134: the major cause for poor maintenanc
Page 135 and 136: about 30 litre per capita per day (
Page 137 and 138: 2006-07). However, total area under
Page 139 and 140: nearly 3.5 times as high as the pri
Page 141 and 142: 5.4 Agriculture: Key Issues Agricul
Page 143 and 144: Table 5.19: Productivity (Yield) of
Page 145 and 146: Only rice and sugarcane received ir
Page 147 and 148: iv. There are severe water quality
Page 149 and 150: Chapter 6 LAST MILE REACH STRATEGIE
Page 151 and 152: targeting as a device to improve ef
Page 153 and 154: eneficiaries and of delivering prog
Page 155 and 156: In the nighbourhood of the poverty
Page 157 and 158: inefficiencies. Some of the major c
Page 159 and 160: Tamil Nadu is close to achieving un
Page 161 and 162: programmes. It is the only Self Emp
Page 163 and 164: districts in Tamil Nadu. Namadhu Gr
Page 165 and 166: 6.5 Reaching Households and Individ
Page 167 and 168: proposition more insurable, a group
Page 169 and 170: line to post-office saving banks or
Page 171 and 172: each the urban poor who live in slu
Page 173 and 174: Eleventh Plan (2007) observes: “O
Page 175 and 176: i. provide financial assistance for
Page 177 and 178: unemployed or underemployed poor by
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Services Prepare detailed water sup
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Chapter 7 SUMMARY AND FORMULATION O
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positive and relatively high. The b
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3. In terms of composition of BPL p
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holdings are smaller than 4 hectare
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There are considerable inter-distri
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Table 7.1: Adjustment during 2007-0
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R i =(I a +I max -I i )/(I a +I max
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line to post-office saving banks or
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d. Targeting As far as rural areas
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7.6 Urban Poverty Reduction Strateg
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Fund, GoTN has created Tamil Nadu I
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Some initiative by Government of Ta
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• Addressing urban poverty allevi
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land. There is need to develop a sc
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REFERENCES Agarwal, S.P. (2005),
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Deaton, Angus and Alessandro Tarozz
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Himmelfarb, G. (1984), The Idea of
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Report of the Working Group on Urba
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APPENDIX TABLES Appendix Table 1.1:
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Appendix Table 1.1 (contd.): Millen
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Appendix Table 1.2 (a): Poverty Lin
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Appendix Table 1.3: Poverty Gap Est
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Appendix Table 1.5: Head Count Rati
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Appendix Table 1.6 (contd.): Progre
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Appendix Table 1.8: Women’s Malnu
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Appendix Table 1.10: Child Mortalit
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Appendix Table 1.11 (contd.): State
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Appendix Table1.12 (contd.): Matern
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Appendix Table 2.3: Decomposition o
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and Publicity Relief from Natural C
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Appendix Table 4.3: Demography Rela
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Appendix Table 4.5: Health Faciliti
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Sl. No Appendix Table 4.7: Efficien
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Appendix Table 4.9: Employment unde
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Appendix Table 5.1: Major and Mediu
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Appendix Table 7.1: Indices for Dis
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ANNEXURES 231
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Monotonicity Sensitivity Axiom Mono
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component of the poverty line is th
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Fuchs (1969), while advocating the
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H = m/n (2) The head count ratio ig
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Annexure 1.3 UNIFORM RECALL PERIOD
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‣ Periyar became Erode; ‣ Tirun
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Women Receiving 3 Or More ANC Visit
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In Sivagangai, as per 2001 census,
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Table 4.3: Block wise Gender Wise G
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Block Table 4.6: Trained Teachers a
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Annexure 5.1 ENVIRONMENTAL CONSEQUE
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Annexure 6.1 NOTES ON SELECTED CENT
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10. Kasturba Gandhi Balika Vidyalay
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