POVERTY REDUCTION STRATEGY TN

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6. loans from financial institutions and some of the larger municipal bodies can also raise funds from market from public through floating of Bonds. Strategies for the urban local government for raising own source revenue should include the following: 1. fuller exploitation of property tax, vacant land tax, and development charges in the municipalities, 2. augmenting the tax base of the slums by de-notifying the slums with adequate services and levy and collection of municipal and other taxes from these areas, 3. levy of user charges for individual service connections (for water supply, sewerage, electricity, etc.) on full cost recovery basis in the slum areas, 4. selling the land title (on full/part cost recovery basis, based on the economic profile of the beneficiaries) to raise capital for other capital works on slum upgrading, and 5. raising additional rental income from property owned by the urban local bodies. The Twelfth Central Finance Commission has sanctioned “Specific Needs Grant” of Rs. 250 crore for slum development in Chennai and other towns in the State during 2005-20. This should be efficiently utilized. The First and Second State Finance Commissions established the deficit in urban infrastructure in Tamil Nadu at around Rs.11250 crore, while some studies point out that the effective capacity of urban local bodies (ULBs) to invest in sustainable urban infrastructure over the next five years to be approximately Rs. 4245 crore. The GoTN’s Eleventh Plan document also notes that recognizing the need for continuing the reforms in urban governance and service delivery arrangements, and the capacity of the ULBs to absorb investment, Tamil Nadu Urban Development Plan (Third Phase) TNUDP III has been designed. TNUDP III is intended to consolidate the achievements of TNUDP II, and continue to improve urban infrastructure services in Tamil Nadu in a sustainable manner. Similarly, TUFIDCO, a State owned Organization, was incorporated to extend financial assistance to urban infrastructure schemes in Tamil Nadu. The State Government has also appointed TUFIDCO as a State level nodal agency for the centrally sponsored schemes. To ensure focus on total flow of funds through the schemes such as Jawaharlal Nehru National Urban Renewal Mission Programme, Urban Infrastructure Development Scheme for Small and Medium Towns, Mega City Programme, Integrated Development of Small and Medium Towns, Metropolitan Infrastructure Development 178
Fund, GoTN has created Tamil Nadu Infrastructure Development and Renewal Fund (TNUIDRF) for infrastructure development assistance to urban local bodies. c. Structuring Expenditure: The municipal budgets have to provide increased allocation for slum rehabilitation, city roads, and development. For undertaking capital expenditure on urban infrastructure, municipal debt may be utilized at least for the larger cities. As far as health and education are concerned, there are some hospitals and schools, which may be under the control of the city administration. Children living in slum areas are often forced to discontinue education and start doing some work. Hygienic conditions in slum areas are also a challenge. Major expenditure has to go for dismantling of illegal slums and rehabilitation activities. Location of new schools close to the clusters where poor may reside will also help. d. Targeting: The four tier targeting strategy (District-Cities/Town-Slum/Non-slum Zones/Wards-Households) should focus on towns of a certain size of population, and devise separate targeting strategies for the slum population and the poor in the non-slum areas. For the slum population, location-specific schemes may work. For non-slum population targeting can be for extremely poor households or individuals. Targeting slum population is more straightforward because the geographic location of the cluster is identifiable. Non-slum poor are diffused all over the urban agglomerations. Information from NGOs operating in the concerned areas may be valuable for reaching the urban non-slum poor. Slum children and children of non-slum poor should be the main targets for education related strategies. e. Enhancing Efficiency: Allocation of funds under different schemes should be according to the estimated number of poor in the slums and the extent of relative deficiency. For the non-slums poor, in the urban agglomerations separate schemes may be used. Here, well publicized self-targeting schemes may be most effective. Allocations should be made separately under respective criteria for health, education, income, and gender related schemes. Some specific efficiency enhancing steps are suggested below. i. Focus has to be on rehabilitation rather than marginal improvement of the slums where they exist. ii. Undertake notification and de-notification of slums as this exercise may have been undertaken quite some time back and several slums may have been upgraded under various schemes. 179
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MONOGRAPH 6/2010 MDGs-BASED POVERTY
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MONOGRAPH 6/2010 March 2010 Price:
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CONTENTS Acknowledgements Contents
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List of Tables Table 1.1 Millennium
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Table 5.10 Status of Urban Water Su
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Appendix 1.12 Maternal Mortality an
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MDGs-Based Poverty Reduction: Main
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. In terms of share of below povert
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of expenditure on public goods like
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households or individuals. For each
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Chapter 1 ISSUES AND INITIAL CONDIT
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The first three goals relate to era
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. Poverty in Tamil Nadu: Inter-stat
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and the urban poverty ratio was sli
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the total poor accounted for a prog
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physical development of people. Mor
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Table 1.11: Millennium Development
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indicates that Tamil Nadu will achi
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However, there is a scope for meeti
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status of malnutrition. The accepte
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The under-five mortality rate-U5MR
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(iv) HIV/AIDS, Malaria and Other Di
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3. While Tami Nadu has done compara
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Chapter 2 REDUCING POVERTY: THE MAC
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est of the economy indicates the ex
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share of the tertiary sector in Tam
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Chart 2.1: Sectoral Growth in Tamil
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policies are in place to absorb lar
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In the context of interface between
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Table 2.7: Decomposition of the Hea
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Dutt are not so relevant for predic
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The SDE estimates vary across the s
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Chart 2.3 highlights that agricultu
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2.6 Summary In summary the followin
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Chapter 3 FISCAL REFORMS FOR POVERT
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Bardhan (1996) emphasizes that ofte
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atio of government employees to pop
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Table 3.2: Tamil Nadu in Inter-stat
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Chart 3.4: Own Tax Revenues Relativ
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collected by state-owned enterprise
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Chart 3.5: Capital Outlay as percen
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The Fiscal Policy Strategy Statemen
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f. Pension and Salary Expenditures
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10 it is kept at 40 percent to acco
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Government of Tamil Nadu has to sub
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Chapter 4 COPING WITH SPATIAL IMBAL
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In order to focus on the deficient
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Chart 4.2 indicates the arrangement
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Chart 4.5: Human Development Index:
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Table 4.4: Index of Gender Deficien
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Districts Table 4.7: Health Facilit
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Regarding access costs in availing
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4.6 Incidence of Poverty: District
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district followed by Villupuram and
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household willing to do public work
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Districts Table 4.13: Implementatio
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Table 4.14: Share of BPL Population
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Table 4.16: Block -wise Gross Acces
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Table 4.18: Block-wise IMR in Thiru
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8. For provision of safe drinking w
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Chapter 5 WATER, LAND AND AGRICULTU
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5.2 Water: Key Issues in Tamil Nadu
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Table 5.3: Sources of Water Supply
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funding under the Water Resources C
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In 2006-7, 65.83 percent of habitat
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the major cause for poor maintenanc
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about 30 litre per capita per day (
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2006-07). However, total area under
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nearly 3.5 times as high as the pri
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5.4 Agriculture: Key Issues Agricul
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Table 5.19: Productivity (Yield) of
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Only rice and sugarcane received ir
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iv. There are severe water quality
Page 149 and 150: Chapter 6 LAST MILE REACH STRATEGIE
Page 151 and 152: targeting as a device to improve ef
Page 153 and 154: eneficiaries and of delivering prog
Page 155 and 156: In the nighbourhood of the poverty
Page 157 and 158: inefficiencies. Some of the major c
Page 159 and 160: Tamil Nadu is close to achieving un
Page 161 and 162: programmes. It is the only Self Emp
Page 163 and 164: districts in Tamil Nadu. Namadhu Gr
Page 165 and 166: 6.5 Reaching Households and Individ
Page 167 and 168: proposition more insurable, a group
Page 169 and 170: line to post-office saving banks or
Page 171 and 172: each the urban poor who live in slu
Page 173 and 174: Eleventh Plan (2007) observes: “O
Page 175 and 176: i. provide financial assistance for
Page 177 and 178: unemployed or underemployed poor by
Page 179 and 180: Services Prepare detailed water sup
Page 181 and 182: Chapter 7 SUMMARY AND FORMULATION O
Page 183 and 184: positive and relatively high. The b
Page 185 and 186: 3. In terms of composition of BPL p
Page 187 and 188: holdings are smaller than 4 hectare
Page 189 and 190: There are considerable inter-distri
Page 191 and 192: Table 7.1: Adjustment during 2007-0
Page 193 and 194: R i =(I a +I max -I i )/(I a +I max
Page 195 and 196: line to post-office saving banks or
Page 197 and 198: d. Targeting As far as rural areas
Page 199: 7.6 Urban Poverty Reduction Strateg
Page 203 and 204: Some initiative by Government of Ta
Page 205 and 206: • Addressing urban poverty allevi
Page 207 and 208: land. There is need to develop a sc
Page 209 and 210: REFERENCES Agarwal, S.P. (2005),
Page 211 and 212: Deaton, Angus and Alessandro Tarozz
Page 213 and 214: Himmelfarb, G. (1984), The Idea of
Page 215 and 216: Report of the Working Group on Urba
Page 217 and 218: APPENDIX TABLES Appendix Table 1.1:
Page 219 and 220: Appendix Table 1.1 (contd.): Millen
Page 221 and 222: Appendix Table 1.2 (a): Poverty Lin
Page 223 and 224: Appendix Table 1.3: Poverty Gap Est
Page 225 and 226: Appendix Table 1.5: Head Count Rati
Page 227 and 228: Appendix Table 1.6 (contd.): Progre
Page 229 and 230: Appendix Table 1.8: Women’s Malnu
Page 231 and 232: Appendix Table 1.10: Child Mortalit
Page 233 and 234: Appendix Table 1.11 (contd.): State
Page 235 and 236: Appendix Table1.12 (contd.): Matern
Page 237 and 238: Appendix Table 2.3: Decomposition o
Page 239 and 240: and Publicity Relief from Natural C
Page 241 and 242: Appendix Table 4.3: Demography Rela
Page 243 and 244: Appendix Table 4.5: Health Faciliti
Page 245 and 246: Sl. No Appendix Table 4.7: Efficien
Page 247 and 248: Appendix Table 4.9: Employment unde
Page 249 and 250: Appendix Table 5.1: Major and Mediu
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Appendix Table 7.1: Indices for Dis
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ANNEXURES 231
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Monotonicity Sensitivity Axiom Mono
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component of the poverty line is th
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Fuchs (1969), while advocating the
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H = m/n (2) The head count ratio ig
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Annexure 1.3 UNIFORM RECALL PERIOD
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‣ Periyar became Erode; ‣ Tirun
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Women Receiving 3 Or More ANC Visit
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In Sivagangai, as per 2001 census,
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Table 4.3: Block wise Gender Wise G
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Block Table 4.6: Trained Teachers a
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Annexure 5.1 ENVIRONMENTAL CONSEQUE
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Annexure 6.1 NOTES ON SELECTED CENT
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10. Kasturba Gandhi Balika Vidyalay
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POVERTY REDUCTION STRATEGY TN

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